Effects of Irrigation and Fertilizer N on N Accumulation and Partitioning in White Bean and Soybean

Smith, Donald L.; Dijak, M.; Hume, D. J.

doi:10.4141/cjps88-003

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…(Wang et al, 1993(Wang et al, , 1994Monneveux and Belhassen, 1996). Paraheliotropic movements of leaves have also been reported in water stressed soybean leaves (Travis and Reed, 1983;Smith et al, 1988;Moran et al, 1989;Wang et al, 1994). However, paraheliotropism was observable at the medium stress level, but not at the severe stress level.…”

Section: Effects Of Water Deficit Stress On Canopy Architecturementioning

confidence: 70%

Response of an Indeterminate Soybean {Glycine Max (L.) Merr} to Chronic Water Deficit During Reproductive Development Under Greenhouse Conditions

Atti¹,

Bonnell²,

Smith³

et al. 2004

Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressour

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Although crops are commonly exposed to chronic moderate water deficit stress, most research has been focused on catastrophic and extreme moisture deficit stress. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to: (i) assess the impact of chronic water stress, during reproductive development, on soybean growth and productivity; (ii) determine the effects of water stress on soybean canopy architecture; and (iii) evaluate changes in canopy reflectance due to water deficit. Soybean plants were grown under three moisture regimes: daily watering at 100% (control), 50% (medium stress W2) and 25% (severe stress W1) of evapotranspiration. Water stress during reproductive development decreased plant physiological activity, vegetative growth, and productivity and had a visible impact on plant canopy architecture at both stress levels. Water deficit reduced leaf chlorophyll content at the severe stress level. At the physiological level, the major effect of chronic water stress was a decrease in stomatal conductance. Water stress decreased the rate of plant vegetative growth for all variables measured, suggesting that water deficit during reproductive growth might have induced an early switch of plant development from vegetative to reproductive. Water deficit, at W1 and W2, did not affect the pod dry weight to total canopy dry weight ratio. This suggested that the proportional allocation of dry matter to reproductive structures was maintained and, although the stress was imposed during reproductive development, vegetative and reproductive structures were equally affected. This may be a function of the indeterminate nature of the soybean cultivar. Paraheliotropism behaviour was observable at W2, but not at W1. Thus, there might be a threshold stress level beyond which leaf movement cannot be activated, preventing control of transpiration through canopy movement. Water stress affected the spectral reflectance signature of soybean leaves, increasing leaf reflectance in the visible and decreasing it in the infrared spectral ranges at both stress levels.Résumé : Bien que les cultures soient communément exposées à la sécheresse chronique modérée, la recherche se concentre sur les déficits hydriques catastrophiques et extrêmes. Dans cet article, nous décrivons une expérimentation conduite en serre pour : (i) évaluer l'impact du déficit hydrique sur la croissance et productivité du soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.); (ii) déterminer les effets du stress sur l'architecture de la canopée du soya; et (iii) évaluer l'effet du stress sur la réflectivité de la canopée. Les plantes de soja furent cultivées sous trois régimes d'irrigation : arrosage journalier à 100% (contrôle W3), 50% (stress moyen W2) et 25% (stress sévère W1) de l'évapotranspiration. Le stress hydrique diminua l'activité physiologique, la croissance végétative, et productivité du soja, et affecta l'architecture de la canopée aux deux niveaux de stress. Le stress hydrique a diminué le contenu foliaire en chlorophylle pour le stress sévère. Au niveau physiologique, l'effet maj...

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Section: Effects Of Water Deficit Stress On Canopy Architecturementioning

confidence: 70%

Response of an Indeterminate Soybean {Glycine Max (L.) Merr} to Chronic Water Deficit During Reproductive Development Under Greenhouse Conditions

Atti¹,

Bonnell²,

Smith³

et al. 2004

Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressour

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“…The total amount of seed N fixed was calculated by N difference method (total seed N fixed = total N in seeds of nodulating plants − total N in seeds of non‐nodulating plants). Seed N is a suitable way to assess the effects of various treatments on total N fixation because the N harvest index (proportion of plant N in the seeds) is generally about 0.8 (Smith et al, 1988). Relative leaf chlorophyll content was measured by taking SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Device) meter readings at two plant development stages (V3 and R3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bradyrhizobium japonicum Preincubated with Methyl Jasmonate Increases Soybean Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation

2006

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Jasmonates (jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate) are naturally occurring plant hormones biosynthesized in response to wounding and biotic and abiotic stresses. Besides their role in planta, they can act as signaling molecules in soybean (Glycine max)-Bradyrhizobium symbioses by inducing the transcription of nodulation genes. Previous studies have shown that inoculation of soybean with Bradyrhizobium japonicum preinduced with genistein (Ge) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) promoted soybean nodulation and N fixation under controlled environment conditions. We conducted two separate field experiments in the year 2002 to study the effect of preinducing B. japonicum strains with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), alone or in combination with Ge, on nodulation and N fixation under field conditions. Two B. japonicum strains (532C and USDA3) and four inducer treatments (control, MeJA, Ge, and MeJA plus Ge) were formulated. Genistein and MeJA increased nodule number, nodule dry weight per plant, and seasonal N fixation, as compared with the control treatment, inoculated with uninduced B. japonicum. These results demonstrate that methyl jasmonate alone or in combination with Ge can be used to promote soybean nodulation and N fixation under short-season field conditions.

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“…The dry seeds were weighed and ground for Kjeldahl and ~SN analysis. Differences between treatments for % ~SN were expected to be more easily detected in the seeds than in whole plants because 90% of nitrogen is concentrated in the seeds of nodulating soybean (Smith et al, 1988), 82% of N is concentrated in seeds of nonnodulating soybean (Talbott et al, 1985) and 70% of N is concentrated in seeds of maize (Goodroad and Jellum, 1988). The ground seeds also tended to be more homogeneous than ground whole plants (especially mature maize).…”

Section: The 1988 ~Sn Dilution Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen transfer from nodulating soybean to maize or to nonnodulating soybean in intercrops: the 15N dilution method

1991

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(Zea mays L.) was monocropped or intercropped with nodulating or nonnodulating soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). In addition, nodulating soybean and nonnodulating soybean were each monocropped and grown as a mixture. In 1985 and 1986, treatments were grown at 0 and 60 kg N ha-x and in 1988, the treatments were grown without N fertilizer, on N-depeted soil and on non-N-depleted soil. ~SN enriched N was applied to soil in all the aforementioned treatments to test for N transfer from nodulating soybean to non-N2-fixing crops by the ~SN dilution method.The ~SN dilution method did not show the occurrence of N transfer in 1985 and 1986, but the N sparing effect was evident from the total N uptake of nonnodulating soybean, dwarf maize and tall maize, in 1986. In 1988, maize and nonnodulating soybean seed yields and seed N yields were higher on non-N-depleted soil than on N-depleted soil. On N-depleted soil, the ~SN dilution method indicated N transfer from nodulating soybean to maize and to nonndulating soybean. At a population ratio of 67% nodulating soybean to 33% nonnodulating soybean, N transfer was also seen on non-N-depleted soil in 1988.

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Effects of Irrigation and Fertilizer N on N Accumulation and Partitioning in White Bean and Soybean

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Response of an Indeterminate Soybean {Glycine Max (L.) Merr} to Chronic Water Deficit During Reproductive Development Under Greenhouse Conditions

Response of an Indeterminate Soybean {Glycine Max (L.) Merr} to Chronic Water Deficit During Reproductive Development Under Greenhouse Conditions

Bradyrhizobium japonicum Preincubated with Methyl Jasmonate Increases Soybean Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrogen transfer from nodulating soybean to maize or to nonnodulating soybean in intercrops: the 15N dilution method

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