Effects of irrigation and nitrogen on chlorophyll content, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

Wang, Ning; Fu, Fengzhen; Wang, Hongrong; Peng, Wang; He, Shuqin; Shao, Hongbo; Zhang, Ni; Zhang, Xingmei

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95792-z

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Previously, it has been reported that the application of only the NO 3 − form of N reduced the chlorophyll contents. Our results are in accordance with previous studies that reported that the relative chlorophyll contents were significantly improved by the 25% NH 4 +/ 75% NO 3 − ratio [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. The application of NH 4 + /NO 3 − ratios influenced chlorophyll synthesis and ultimately increased the chlorophyll contents of the plant [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Differential Metabolic Responses of Lettuce Grown in Soil, Substrate and Hydroponic Cultivation Systems under NH4+/NO3− Application

et al. 2022

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Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for plant growth and development. The application of a balanced and optimal amount of N is required for sustainable plant yield. For this, different N sources and forms are used, that including ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−). These are the main sources for N uptake by plants where NH4+/NO3− ratios have a significant effect on the biomass, quality and metabolites composition of lettuce grown in soil, substrate and hydroponic cultivation systems. A limited supply of N resulted in the reduction in the biomass, quality and overall yield of lettuce. Additionally, different types of metabolites were produced with varying concentrations of N sources and can be used as metabolic markers to improve the N use efficiency. To investigate the differential metabolic activity, we planted lettuce with different NH4+/NO3− ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100%) and a control (no additional N applied) in soil, substrate and hydroponic cultivation systems. The results revealed that the 25% NH4+/75% NO3− ratio increased the relative chlorophyll contents as well as the biomass of lettuce in all cultivation systems. However, lettuce grown in the hydroponic cultivation system showed the best results. The concentration of essential amino acids including alanine, valine, leucine, lysine, proline and serine increased in soil and hydroponically grown lettuce treated with the 25% NH4+/75% NO3− ratio. The taste and quality-related compounds in lettuce showed maximum relative abundance with the 25% NH4+/75% NO3− ratio, except ascorbate (grown in soil) and lactupicrin (grown in substrate), which showed maximum relative abundance in the 50% NH4+/50% NO3− ratio and control treatments, respectively. Moreover, 1-O-caffeoylglucose, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, aesculetin and quercetin-3-galactoside were increased by the application of the 100% NH4+/0% NO3− ratio in soil-grown lettuce. The 25% NH4+/75% NO3− ratio was more suitable in the hydroponic cultivation system to obtain increased lettuce biomass. The metabolic profiling of lettuce showed different behaviors when applying different NH4+/NO3− ratios. Therefore, the majority of the parameters were largely influenced by the 25% NH4+/75% NO3− ratio, which resulted in the hyper-accumulation of health-promoting compounds in lettuce. In conclusion, the optimal N applications improve the quality of lettuce grown in soil, substrate and hydroponic cultivation systems which ultimately boost the nutritional value of lettuce.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The chlorophyll synthesis is associated with different N sources, which are ultimately correlated with the photosynthesis rate and determine the final crop yield [ 41 ]. The application of NH 4 + /NO 3 − ratios increases the surface area of the plant by increasing the photosynthesis rate and ultimately increases the plant biomass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Metabolic Responses of Lettuce Grown in Soil, Substrate and Hydroponic Cultivation Systems under NH4+/NO3− Application

et al. 2022

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“…It is known that the composition of photosynthetic pigments is very variable for different species [150,161]; this composition changes regarding the individual development of the plant [162][163][164], and it can be strongly dependent on local environmental conditions [161]. Particularly, the mineral nutrition is an important factor influencing concentrations of pigments in plants; e.g., changes in the nitrogen nutrition can influence concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and the content of RUBISCO, which is the key photosynthetic enzyme [7,[165][166][167][168]. Thus, heterogeneity of the pigment composition can be the long-term factor modifying the efficiency of the plant remote sensing.…”

Section: Variability Of Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Reflectance Indices for Remote Sensing of Plants and Revealing Actions of Stressors

2021

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Environmental conditions are very changeable; fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, illumination intensity, and other factors can decrease a plant productivity and crop. The remote sensing of plants under these conditions is the basis for the protection of plants and increases their survivability. This problem can be solved through measurements of plant reflectance and calculation of reflectance indices. Reflectance indices are related to the vegetation biomass, specific physiological processes, and biochemical compositions in plants; the indices can be used for both short-term and long-term plant monitoring. In our review, we considered the applications of reflectance indices in plant remote sensing. In Optical Methods and Platforms of Remote Sensing of Plants, we briefly discussed multi- and hyperspectral imaging, including descriptions of multispectral and hyperspectral cameras with different principles and their efficiency for the remote sensing of plants. In Main Reflectance Indices, we described the main reflectance indices, including vegetation, water, and pigment reflectance indices, as well as the photochemical reflectance index and its modifications. We focused on the relationships of leaf reflectance and reflectance indices to plant biomass, development, and physiological and biochemical characteristics. In Problems of Measurement and Analysis of Reflectance Indices, we discussed the methods of the correction of the reflectance indices that can be used for decreasing the influence of environmental conditions (mainly illumination, air, and soil) and plant characteristics (orientation of leaves, their thickness, and others) on their measurements and the analysis of the plant remote sensing. Additionally, the variability of plants was also considered as an important factor that influences the results of measurement and analysis.

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“…The most important environmental factors affecting plant growth are moisture and nutrient availability and their interactions in soil. Drought alters the photosynthetic machinery of plants, chlorophyll synthesis, biomass allocation, and other major physiological activities of plants [12][13][14]. The interacting effects of water shortage and nutrient deficiency limit plant growth and forest plantation productivity, particularly in desertified areas [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interacting effects of water shortage and nutrient deficiency limit plant growth and forest plantation productivity, particularly in desertified areas [15,16]. An experiment has shown that both fertilizer and irrigation amount explained the increase in chlorophyll content of plants under limited irrigation conditions in China, such that the no fertilizer and irrigation treatments resulted in the lowest chlorophyll content [12]. A study has also found that the medium amount of both fertilizer and water resulted in higher growth performance, number of new shoots, chlorophyll content, and leaf soluble sugar concentration compared with high and low amounts of fertilizer and irrigation treatments [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on the Morpho-Physiological Traits of <em>Populus sibirica</em> Hort. Ex Tausch and <em>Ulmus pumila</em> L. In the Semi-arid Steppe Region of Mongolia

Byambadorj¹,

Park²,

Hernandez³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Desertification is impeding the implementation of reforestation efforts in Mongolia. Many of these efforts have been unsuccessful due to lack of technical knowledge on water and nutrient management strategies, limited financial support, and short-lived rainfall events. We investigated the effects of irrigation and fertilization on the morpho-physiological traits of Populus sibirica Hort. Ex Tausch and Ulmus pumila L. and to suggest irrigation and fertilization strategies for reforestation. Different irrigation and fertilizer treatments were applied: no irrigation, 2 L h-1, 4 L h-1 and 8 L h-1 of water; no fertilizer, 2 L h-1 + NPK, 4 L h-1 + NPK, and 8 L h-1 + NPK; and no compost, 2 L h-1 + compost, 4 L h-1 + compost, and 8 L h-1 + compost. The leaf area (LA) and specific leaf area (SLA) of both species responded positively to 4 L h-1 and/or 8 L h-1. Results also showed that the addition of either NPK or compost to 4 L h-1 and/or 8 L h-1 irrigation resulted in a higher LA, SLA, and leaf biomass (LB). Total chlorophyll content decreased with irrigation in both species. The same pattern was detected when a higher amount of irrigation was combined with fertilizers. Lastly, we found that both diurnal and seasonal leaf water potential of plants grown in 4 L h-1 and/or 8 L h-1 were significantly higher than in control plots. Therefore, 4 L h-1 and/or 8 L h-1 with either NPK or compost has shown to be the optimal irrigation and fertilization strategy for the species in an arid and semi-arid region of Mongolia. Results should provide us with a better understanding of tree responses to varying amounts of irrigation with or without fertilizer in pursuit of sustainable forest management in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.

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Effects of irrigation and nitrogen on chlorophyll content, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Differential Metabolic Responses of Lettuce Grown in Soil, Substrate and Hydroponic Cultivation Systems under NH4+/NO3− Application

Differential Metabolic Responses of Lettuce Grown in Soil, Substrate and Hydroponic Cultivation Systems under NH4+/NO3− Application

Application of Reflectance Indices for Remote Sensing of Plants and Revealing Actions of Stressors

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on the Morpho-Physiological Traits of <em>Populus sibirica</em> Hort. Ex Tausch and <em>Ulmus pumila</em> L. In the Semi-arid Steppe Region of Mongolia

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