Effects of isolation, daily handling, and enriched rearing on maze learning

Greenough, William T.; Madden, Thomas C.; Fleischmann, Thomas

doi:10.3758/bf03328961

Cited by 56 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Alternatively, if handling in adulthood reduces anxiety, then the enrichment-induced improvements may have resulted from daily transfers from the home cage to enrichment chamber. However, studies in rats have shown that handled and non-handled control rats are similarly impaired relative to EC rats (Greenough et al, 1972). Furthermore, we have recently noted that although handled (transferred daily to and from home cage) and non-handled (never removed from home cage) C57BL/6 male mice perform similarly on object recognition and water maze tasks, both groups perform significantly worse than EC mice (K. M. Frick, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Effects Of Enrichment Alonementioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental enrichment reduces the mnemonic and neural benefits of estrogen

Gresack

Frick

2004

Neuroscience

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The degree to which memory is enhanced by estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women may depend on environmental factors such as education. The present study utilized an animal model of environmental enrichment to determine whether environmental factors influence the mnemonic and neural response to estrogen. Female mice were raised in standard (SC) or enriched (EC) conditions from weaning until adulthood (7 months). All mice were ovariectomized at 10 weeks, and tested in object recognition and water-escape motivated radial arm maze (WRAM) tasks at 6 months. Each day at the completion of training, mice received injections of 0.1 mg/kg cyclodextrin-encapsulated

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Section: Effects Of Enrichment Alonementioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental enrichment reduces the mnemonic and neural benefits of estrogen

Gresack

Frick

2004

Neuroscience

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“…In addition, IR rats demonstrate neophobia Gentsch et al 1982;Hall et al 1997b), increased timidity , increased anxiety (Wright et al 1991), and perseverative behaviours Dalrymple-Alford and Benton 1984). Moreover, IR seems to affect cognitive learning in diverse tasks (Greenough et al 1972;Gardner et al 1975;Holson 1986;Weiss et al 2001), although some conflicting results exist regarding the IR effect on spatial learning tasks (Wongwitdecha and Marsden 1996; G. Gregorian, I. Weiss and J. Feldon, unpublished observations). Finally, IR does not affect LI (Feldon et al 1990;Weiss et al 2001).…”

Section: Social Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental animal models for sensorimotor gating deficiencies in schizophrenia: a review

2001

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Rationale: In schizophrenia research, the study of animal models has received considerable attention in the past 20 years. The value of animal models in preclinical research is widely recognised, largely because they can provide precious knowledge regarding the neurobiology of schizophrenia and can also be used for developing antipsychotic drugs. Prepulse inhibition (PPI; reduction in startle reflex induced by a prestimulus) is impaired in schizophrenic patients, a finding that has been associated with a loss of sensorimotor gating abilities. In rats, the schizophrenic-like PPI deficit can be induced by pharmacological or surgical manipulations targeting mainly the cortico-meso-limbic circuitry. Objectives: The literature was critically reviewed in an effort to determine the robustness and the relevance for schizophrenia of another category of animal models, based purely on manipulations of the social environment, that encompasses the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Specifically, we focused our attention on the long-term effects of such environmental models on sensorimotor gating processes as assessed in the PPI paradigm, with an attempt to evaluate their face, predictive and construct validity. Results: Our review of the literature leads to the conclusion that social deprivation performed directly after weaning (~21 days of age) is more likely to be a relevant model for PPI impairments in schizophrenia than pre-weaning manipulations. Conclusions: Although the robustness of such environmental models requires further study, these animal models offer the advantage of avoiding invasive manipulations, which allows for a variety of anatomical, electrophysiological, neuroendocrine or neurochemical investigations in the absence of confounding pharmacological or surgical effects.

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“…Animals exposed to an enriched or complex environment (EC) exhibit superior performance in learning and remembering place(s) in a variety of land-and water-based mazes compared with controls raised in standard laboratory cages in social (SC) groups (e.g., Greenough, Madden, & Fleischmann, 1972;Juraska, 1990;Seymoure, Dou, & Juraska, 1996;Tees et al, 1990). A lack of an early visual stimulation history has also been shown to adversely affect adult spatial working and reference memory in later tested (blind and sighted) rats (e.g., Tees, Midgley, & Nesbit, 1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%