Effects of isoquinoline alkaloids from Macleaya cordata on growth performance, survival, immune response, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Abstract

Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQs) from Macleaya cordata are promising natural products for enhancing the growth performance and overall health condition of farmed animals. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two formulas of IQ extract, provided in either a powdered formula (IQ-E) or a water-soluble, granulated formula (IQ-WS) and containing the main active component sanguinarine at a concentration of 0.5% and 1%, respectively, on the growth, survival, immune response, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In Experiment 1, the postlarvae were divided into five groups (four replicates/group and 100 shrimp/tank) and fed four times/day for 30 days with a control feed, IQ-E at 200 or 300 mg/kg of feed, or IQ-WS at 100 or 150 mg/kg of feed. In Experiment 2, the surviving shrimp from Experiment 1 were redistributed into six groups (four treatment groups as in Experiment 1 plus the positive and negative controls with four replicates/group and 30 shrimp/tank) and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus by immersion at a concentration of 103 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and were fed with the same diets for another 14 days. The results revealed that all IQ-fed shrimp in Experiment 1 had significantly enhanced survival rates and immune parameters (total hemocyte count and phagocytic, phenoloxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities) compared to the control group, even though the growth performances were similar across all groups. In Experiment 2, all IQ-fed groups showed better growth performance and survival rates compared to the positive control. Other than in the positive control group, no histopathological lesions in the hepatopancreas and the intestine were found. In summary, the current study demonstrated the benefits of using IQs from M. cordata as feed additives for improving the growth performance, survival rate, immune responses, and resistance to vibriosis of Pacific white shrimp.

Effects of spray-dried animal plasma on growth performance, survival, feed utilization, immune responses, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…Finally, it is worth mentioning that orally administered IgG can survive passage through the mammalian gastrointestinal tract without being absorbed or loss of their biological activities [48], and examples of dietary SDP or IgG in reducing diseases severity [49,50] and pathogen shedding [41,51] in experimental challenged animals are not uncommon. In short, our study proved that porcine SDP, along with other health-promoting agents such as herbal extracts, organic acids, carotenoids, and probiotics [1,2,52], can improve the health conditions and enhance the disease resistance of aquatic animals, thereby helping to reduce the unnecessary uses of antibiotics in aquaculture.…”

“…The shrimp in all groups except the negative control were challenged by immersion with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (TISTR 1596) at the final concentration of 10 5 CFU/ml. The methodology of bacterial preparation was previously described in our recent study [2].…”

“…In the intensive aquaculture system, high stocking density often increases shrimp stress and makes them more susceptible to infectious diseases, especially with the higher inclusion of vegetable derived proteins replacing fish meal which have lower digestible protein and therefore provide more favorable conditions for specific pathogenic bacterial growth in ponds. In addition, because the prophylactic use of antibiotics in shrimp feed is now restricted or banned in many shrimp producing countries, it is wise to find alternatives for promoting shrimp wellbeing and reducing severity of disease outbreaks without causing negative impacts on the environment or consumer's health [1,2].…”

Cajeput Melaleuca cajuputi extract supplementation in diets of Macrobrachium rosenbergii : Insight on the growth, immunological responses and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila

“…However, these substances have been criticized regarding their use for commercial aquaculture operations due to their high cost and the tendency to create undesirable toxic residues in the aquatic environments (Onorato & Rösch, 2020), as well as the possibility of bioaccumulation in the tissues of aquatic life (Hanif‐Uddin et al, 2016). Consequently, the widespread consumer awareness of food safety has led to the search for natural‐based feed additives as an alternative to synthetic options for commercial aquaculture purposes (Bussabong et al, 2021). Medicinal plants are good examples of these alternatives because they contain several safe natural compounds that have been reported to possess various therapeutic properties that are antiviral/antimicrobial and possess immunostimulant as well as growth‐promoting properties when fed to aquatic organisms (Bussabong et al, 2021; Dawood et al, 2021; Kongcum et al, 2016; Lee et al, 2020).…”

“…Consequently, the widespread consumer awareness of food safety has led to the search for natural‐based feed additives as an alternative to synthetic options for commercial aquaculture purposes (Bussabong et al, 2021). Medicinal plants are good examples of these alternatives because they contain several safe natural compounds that have been reported to possess various therapeutic properties that are antiviral/antimicrobial and possess immunostimulant as well as growth‐promoting properties when fed to aquatic organisms (Bussabong et al, 2021; Dawood et al, 2021; Kongcum et al, 2016; Lee et al, 2020). More so, medicinal plants are easy to get, cheaper and produce less residue that is biodegradable when present in the aquatic environment.…”