Effects of Jatropha lubricant thermo-oxidation on the tribological behaviour of engine cylinder liners as measured by a reciprocating friction test

Farfán-Cabrera, Leonardo Israel; Gallardo-Hernández, Ezequiel Alberto; Perez‐González, José; Marín-Santibáñez, Benjamín M.; Lewis, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2019.02.028

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A slight growth was found in peaks near to 1728, 1746, 1238, 1163, 1099, 990 and 970 cm -1 for aged B20-ATF. It correlates well with those characteristic peaks identified in the spectra from aged Jatropha oil [13]. So, the oxidation of B20-ATF may be ascribed mostly to oxidation of Jatropha oil´s compounds in the blend.…”

Section: Oxidationsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…of this vegetable oil in fresh ATFs can be effective to reduce friction coefficient and enhance their anti-shudder property [6]. The Jatropha oil tested in this work was well characterized by using ESI Mass spectroscopy [13].…”

Section: Oil Samples and Thermo-oxidation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3b. They were reported previously in [13] and are included here for purposes of comparison with those from ATF and B20-ATF. The main characteristic changes found were formation of saturated aldehyde functional groups or other secondary oxidation products and dimer carboxylic acid causing further polymerization and viscosity increase.…”

Section: Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of thermo-oxidized Jatropha bio-oil in lubrication of actual wet clutch materials

Farfán-Cabrera

Gallardo-Hernández

Perez‐González

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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In this work, an assessment of the performance of thermo-oxidated Jatropha oil as a lubricant for actual wet clutch materials was performed and compared with a commercial automatic transmission fluid. For this, Jatropha oil, a commercial automatic transmission fluid and a blend of 20 vol% Jatropha oil–80 vol% automatic transmission fluid were subjected to thermo-oxidative aging at 26 °C and 100 °C, followed by a pin-on-disk testing with disk samples from an actual wet clutch. Evaluation of the film thickness at the sliding interface resulted in a boundary lubrication regime for all the tests. The changes in oxidation, viscosity, and a viscosity index of the samples were evaluated along with friction coefficients at various sliding speeds. Jatropha oil was the most sensitive to thermo-oxidation. Jatropha oil and the blend showed a higher viscosity increase than automatic transmission fluid with thermo-oxidation, while the viscosity index of all oils was decreased considerably, Jatropha oil and the blend being the most reduced. Finally, the anti-shudder property, as measured by the change in the friction coefficient with a sliding speed, of Jatropha oil and automatic transmission fluid was improved by thermo-oxidation at 26 °C but worsened at 100 °C, meanwhile it was barely affected in the blend. Therefore, these results indicate that using pure Jatropha oil as automatic transmission fluid would be unsuitable, but blending it with automatic transmission fluids in specific proportions may be apposite for improving the friction properties of wet clutches even under thermo-oxidative conditions.

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Section: Oxidationsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Oil Samples and Thermo-oxidation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of thermo-oxidized Jatropha bio-oil in lubrication of actual wet clutch materials

Farfán-Cabrera

Gallardo-Hernández

Perez‐González

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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“…Moreover, legal regulations should require the use of only fully and easily biodegradable lubricating oils, especially those emitted into the environment. Bio-lubricants have emerged as a potential and viable way to replace, totally or partially, mineral oils due to their effectiveness in the boundary lubrication regime for different applications, including devices that work with an open system, such as a cutting saw or harvester [62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Health Effects of Lubricant Oils Emitted into the Environment

Nowak

Kucharska

Kamiński

2019

IJERPH

158

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Lubricating oils used in machines with an open cutting system, such as a saw or harvester, are applied in forest areas, gardening, in the household, and in urban greenery. During the operation of the device with an open cutting system, the lubricating oil is emitted into the environment. Therefore, the use of an oil base and refining additives of petroleum origin in the content of lubricants is associated with a negative impact on health and the environment. The current legal regulations concerning lubricants applicable in the European Union (EU) assess the degree of biodegradability. Legislation permits the use of biodegradable oils at 60% for a period of 28 days. This means that, in practice, lubricating oil considered to be biodegradable can contain up to 50% of the so-called petroleum oil base. The paper aims to draw public attention to the need to reduce the toxicity and harmful effects, due to their composition, of lubricating oils emitted into the environment on health. The authors discuss the impact of petroleum oil lubricants on soils, groundwater, vegetation, and animals, and the impact of petroleum-origin oil mist on health. An overview of test methods for the biodegradability of lubricating oils is presented, including the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 301 A–F, 310, and 302 A–D tests, as well as their standard equivalents. The current legal regulations regarding the use and control of lubricating oils emitted into the environment are discussed. Legal provisions are divided according to their area of application. Key issues regarding the biodegradability and toxicity of petroleum fractions in lubricating oils are also addressed. It is concluded that lubricating oils, emitted or potentially emitted into the environment, should contain only biodegradable ingredients in order to eliminate the negative impact on both the environment and health. Total biodegradability should be confirmed by widely applied tests. Therefore, a need to develop and implement low-cost and simple control procedures for each type of lubricating oil, ensuring the possibility of an indisputable conclusion about the presence and total absence of petroleum-derived components in oil, as well as the content of natural ingredients, occurs.

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“…10 However, the published results suggest that bio-based lubricants are more suitable for those tribopairs which are operating under boundary lubrication regime. 27 In order to impart application specific properties and further enhance the load-bearing capacity and anti-wear characteristics, various types of additives are mixed with lubricant base oils. In is mentioned in the literature that when ionic liquids used as additives, they not only enhance the inherent tribological performance of the lubricant base oils but also enhance the physiochemical properties and subdue the undesirable properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on tribological performance of ionic liquids as additives to bio lubricants

Naveed

Zahid

Mufti

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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All the moving components in an internal combustion engine require a lubricant that allows smooth sliding and/or rolling of interacting surfaces. Lubricant not only minimizes the friction and wear but also dissipates the heat generated due to friction and removes debris from the area of contact. Environmental concerns, decreasing mineral oil reserves and difficult disposal of nonbiodegradable conventional lubricants have urged the researchers to shift towards environmental-friendly lubricants. Number of tribological studies carried out in the past have proved that ionic liquid-based bio-lubricants are sustainable and biodegradable alternative to mineral oils. This paper presents a brief review of properties of ionic liquids and their ability to reduce friction and wear between the interacting surfaces. Tribological performance and compatibility of ionic liquids with various base-oils have been compared under boundary lubrication. The results reveal that phosphonium-based ionic liquids namely tetra-decyl tri-hexyl phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate (P66614)i(C8)2PO2 and tri-hexyl tetra-decyl phosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (P-DEHP) are more suitable for tribological applications. Since, ionic liquids can be tailored according to the application and millions of combinations are possible therefore, there is a need to summarize the published data in a more systematic and logical way.

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Effects of Jatropha lubricant thermo-oxidation on the tribological behaviour of engine cylinder liners as measured by a reciprocating friction test

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Evaluation of thermo-oxidized Jatropha bio-oil in lubrication of actual wet clutch materials

Evaluation of thermo-oxidized Jatropha bio-oil in lubrication of actual wet clutch materials

Ecological and Health Effects of Lubricant Oils Emitted into the Environment

A review on tribological performance of ionic liquids as additives to bio lubricants

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