Effects of Kakkon-to and Sairei-to on Experimental Elevation of Aqueous Flare in Pigmented Rabbits

The effects of nilvadipine, nicardipine and verapamil on the acute rise of aqueous flare induced by argon laser photocoagulation of the iris or by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 0.5 µg/kg) were investigated in pigmented rabbits. Nilvadipine, nicardipine and verapamil were injected intravenously. Aqueous flare was measured with a laser flare cell meter. Following photocoagulation, aqueous flare increased, reached its maximum at 45–75 min and then decreased. After administration of LPS, aqueous flare increased, reached its maximum at 4 h and then returned to baseline levels at about 24 h. Flare reactions were inhibited by nilvadipine in a dose-dependent manner. The elevations were maximally inhibited by nilvadipine 30 min before photocoagulation or intravenous LPS. Two hundred micrograms per kilogram of nilvadipine inhibited 81% of photocoagulation-induced flare elevation, while the same dose of nicardipine and verapamil inhibited 19 and 9% of the elevation, respectively. The same dose of nilvadipine inhibited 51% of LPS-induced flare elevation, while the same dose of nicardipine and verapamil inhibited 6 and 4% of the elevation, respectively. In conclusion, nilvadipine inhibited the experimental elevation of aqueous flare more effectively than did nicardipine and verapamil.

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“…Aqueous flare elevations after intravenous injection of LPS were also similar to those described by Yano et al [5].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of Nilvadipine, Nicardipine and Verapamil on Acute Rise of Aqueous Flare Induced by Iris Photocoagulation or Intravenous Lipopolysaccharides in Pigmented Rabbits

Zhang¹,

Hiraki²,

Kadoi³

et al. 2000

Ophthalmic Res

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“…In our previous study (1), Kakkon-to did not suppress aqueous flare elevation induced by prostaglandin E2 and by lipopolysaccharides in pigmented rabbits. Sairei-to did not inhibit the elevation induced by prostaglandin E2, but suppressed the elevation induced by lipopolysaccharides in pigmented rabbits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Orengedoku-to is commonly given to treat acute gastroenteritis. We previously reported that Sairei-to has an inhibitory effect on experimental elevation of aqueous flare induced by lipopolysaccharides in pigmented rabbits (1). In this single-blind, randomized prospective study, we examined the effects of Kampo medicines on aqueous flare elevation after small-incision cataract surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Traditional Sino-Japanese Herbal Medicines on Aqueous Flare Elevation after Small-Incision Cataract Surgery

Ikeda¹,

Hayasaka²,

Nagaki

et al. 2001

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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We evaluated prospectively the effects of traditional Sino-Japanese herbal medicines on elevation of aqueous flare. Fifty-four patients with age-related cataract undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation were studied. In the control group, 20 patients received no herbal medicine. In the treated groups, 14 patients were given Orengedoku- to (Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang in Chinese) granules (7.5 g daily), 10 patients were given Kakkon-to (Ge-Gen-Tang in Chinese) granules (7.5 g daily), and 10 patients were given Sairei-to (Cai-Ling-Tang in Chinese) granules (9.0 g daily), for 3 days before surgery, the day of surgery, and for 7 days after surgery. Aqueous flare was measured before and after surgery. The differences in preoperative flare intensities among the four groups were not significant. In the control group, the flare was 29.4 photon counts/msec on day 1, and then gradually decreased. The flare intensities on days 1, 3, and 5 in the Orengedoku-to and Kakkon-to groups were significantly lower than in the control group. The flare intensities in the Sairei-to group were the same as those of the controls. Oral administration of Orengedoku-to and Kakkon-to decreased aqueous flare elevation after small-incision cataract surgery. Sairei-to had no effect on the elevation.

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“…Hirata et al [1], Numata-Watanabe et al [2], and Yano et al [3] at our laboratory have shown that transcorneal diffusion of PGE 2 with the use of a glass cylinder induced aqueous flare elevation in pigmented rabbits and that the elevation was reproducible when PGE 2 was applied at an interval of more than 1 week. A glass cylinder was attached to the cornea to avoid transconjunctival diffusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effects of Topical Mydriatics and Vasoconstrictors on Prostaglandin-E<sub>2</sub>-Induced Aqueous Flare Elevation in Pigmented Rabbits

Hayasaka

Zhang

et al. 2003

Ophthalmic Res

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We evaluated the effects of topical instillation of mydriatics and vasoconstrictors on prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) induced aqueous flare elevation in pigmented rabbits. Transcorneal diffusion of PGE₂ (25 µg/ml) by means of a glass cylinder produced aqueous flare elevation. Mydriatics (atropine sulfate, tropicamide, tropicamide plus phenylephrine hydrochloride, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and cyclopentolate hydrochloride) or vasoconstrictors (naphazoline nitrate and tramazoline hydrochloride) were topically administered before PGE₂ application. Aqueous flare was measured with a laser flare-cell meter. One or two instillations of atropine sulfate 1.0%, tropicamide 0.4%, tropicamide 0.5% plus phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.5%, phenylephrine hydrochloride 5.0%, cyclopentrate hydrochloride 1.0%, and naphazoline nitrate 0.05% did not inhibit PGE₂-induced aqueous flare elevation. Tramazoline hydrochloride 0.118% inhibited significantly (p < 0.05) PGE₂-induced aqueous flare elevation. It is possible that vasoconstriction may be involved partly in inhibition of PGE₂-induced aqueous flare elevation by some drugs in pigmented rabbits.

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Effects of Kakkon-to and Sairei-to on Experimental Elevation of Aqueous Flare in Pigmented Rabbits

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of Nilvadipine, Nicardipine and Verapamil on Acute Rise of Aqueous Flare Induced by Iris Photocoagulation or Intravenous Lipopolysaccharides in Pigmented Rabbits

Effects of Nilvadipine, Nicardipine and Verapamil on Acute Rise of Aqueous Flare Induced by Iris Photocoagulation or Intravenous Lipopolysaccharides in Pigmented Rabbits

Effects of Traditional Sino-Japanese Herbal Medicines on Aqueous Flare Elevation after Small-Incision Cataract Surgery

Effects of Topical Mydriatics and Vasoconstrictors on Prostaglandin-E<sub>2</sub>-Induced Aqueous Flare Elevation in Pigmented Rabbits

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