Effects of Kanamycin Sulfate on Cochlear Potentials and Potassium Ion Permeability through the Cochlear Partitions

Komune, Shizuo; Ide, Minoru; Nakano, Takayuki; Morimitsu, Tamotsu

doi:10.1159/000275900

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These changes occur primarily in the marginal cells, although some effects are seen in intermediate cells as well (Meech et al, 1998; Campbell et al, 1999). Aminoglycosides do not induce changes in endocochlear potentials during early phases of treatment (Davis et al, 1958; Komune et al, 1987) and may only do so after extensive treatment leading to significant atrophy of the stria vascularis. It appears that some strial changes can also happen in the absence of hair cell damage (Forge and Fradis, 1985).…”

Section: Drug Actions and Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cisplatin and Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Hearing Loss and Its Prevention

Schacht

Talaska

Rybak

2012

The Anatomical Record

297

260

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This review introduces the pathology of aminoglycoside antibiotic and the cisplatin chemotherapy classes of drugs, discusses oxidative stress in the inner ear as a primary trigger for cell damage, and delineates the ensuing cell death pathways. Among potentially ototoxic (damaging the inner ear) therapeutics, the platinum-based anti-cancer drugs and the aminoglycoside antibiotics are of critical clinical importance. Both drugs cause sensorineural hearing loss in patients, a side effect that can be reproduced in experimental animals. Hearing loss is reflected primarily in damage to outer hair cells, beginning in the basal turn of the cochlea. In addition, aminoglycosides might affect the vestibular system while cisplatin seems to have a much lower likelihood to do so. Finally, based on an understanding the mechanisms of ototoxicity pharmaceutical ways of protection of the cochlea are presented

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Section: Drug Actions and Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cisplatin and Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Hearing Loss and Its Prevention

Schacht

Talaska

Rybak

2012

The Anatomical Record

297

260

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“…During the early course of aminoglycoside treatment the endocochlear potential (EP) may be maintained close to normal while CM is already severely depressed [Davis et al, 1958;Komune et al, 1987]. A significant decline in EP occurs only after the stria is substantially atrophied, usually weeks after the manifestations of hair cell damage [Steyger and Forge, unpublished].…”

Section: Experimental Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Forge

Schacht²

2000

Audiol Neurotol

595

504

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In the 50 years since their discovery, the aminoglycoside antibiotics have seen unprecedented use. Discovered in the 1940s, they were the long-sought remedy for tuberculosis and other serious bacterial infections. The side effects of renal and auditory toxicity, however, led to a decline of their use in most countries in the 1970s and 1980s. Nevertheless, today the aminoglycosides are still the most commonly used antibiotics worldwide thanks to the combination of their high efficacy with low cost. This review first summarizes the history, chemistry, antibacterial actions and acute side effects of the drugs. It then details the pathophysiology of aminoglycoside ototoxicity including experimental and clinical observations, risk factors and incidence. Pharmacokinetics, cellular actions and our current understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of ototoxicity are discussed at length. The review concludes with recent advances towards therapeutic intervention to prevent aminoglycoside ototoxicity.

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“…This conclusion appears to be sup ported by the finding thal successive injections of kanamycin affect only the magnitude of the negative EP. not the total magnitude of the EP [25], In figure 5. the K+ con tinued to increase slightly even after anoxia, becoming stable at about 30 min of anoxia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of the Two-Component Theory in the Production of Endocochlear Potential

Komune

Kimitsuki

Nakagawa³

et al. 1993

ORL

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To evaluate the mechanism of endocochlear potential (EP) and the validity of the two-component theory in its production, we perfused the endolymphatic space of normal and kanamycin-deafened guinea pigs with artificial endolymph containing 50 mM K⁺. The K⁺ activities and EP were simultaneously measured with a double-barreled K⁺ electrode during and after perfusion. The relationship between the mangitude of the electrogenic potential and K⁺ active transport was calculated and compared between the two groups of animals. The results showed that the positive component of the EP (positive EP) was mainly dependent on K⁺ active transport in the stria vascularis but included other electrogenic components not dependent on K+ active transport. The K⁺ and Na⁺ conductances (Gk and Gna) between the endolymph and perilymph were also calculated in the normal and kanamycin-deafened guinea pigs. The Gk was much lower in kanamycin-deafened guinea pigs but the Gna did not differ between the two groups of animals. The theoretical EP value during anoxia (negative EP) was consistent with that observed in each group. The difference in the negative EP was approximately 30 mV, but the steady-state EP did not differ between groups. It is concluded that EP is probably not the simple mathematical sum of the positive and negative potentials but involves more complex mechanisms.

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Effects of Kanamycin Sulfate on Cochlear Potentials and Potassium Ion Permeability through the Cochlear Partitions

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Cisplatin and Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Hearing Loss and Its Prevention

Cisplatin and Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Hearing Loss and Its Prevention

Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Validity of the Two-Component Theory in the Production of Endocochlear Potential

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