Effects of kangaroo care on pain relief in premature infants during painful procedures: A meta‐analysis

Abstract

AIM This study aimed to evaluate effects of kangaroo care on pain relief in premature infants during painful procedures. Design A meta‐analysis. Methods Eight databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine [CBM], China Science and Technology Journal Database [CSTJ], China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], and WanFang Data) were systematically reviewed from inception to November 2021 for randomized controlled and crossover trials. Results Thirteen studies, including 2311 infants (kangaroo care: 1153, control: 1158) were analyzed. Kangaroo care had a moderate effect on pain relief during painful procedures in premature infants at a gestational age of 32–36 + 6 weeks but no effect at 28–31 + 6 weeks. Furthermore, 15 or 30 min of kangaroo care had a moderate effect and could markedly relieve pain at the instant of and 30/60 s after, had a small effect at 90 s after, and no effect at 120 s after the procedure. Practice Implications Kangaroo care may be an effective nonpharmacologic alternative therapy to relieve procedural pain in premature infants born at a gestational age of 32–36 + 6 weeks.

Intervention strategies for white noise alleviating procedural pain in newborns: A systematic review

“…After screening by learning titles and abstracts, 69 records were screened. After reading the full text, 18 studies were finally included in this review (Cetinkaya et al, 2022; Döra & Büyük, 2021; Duan, Yang, & Yang, 2017; Duan, Zhao, et al, 2017; Dur et al, 2022; Ju, 2019; Kahraman et al, 2020; Karakoç & Türker, 2014; Kucukoglu et al, 2016; Pang, 2019; Ren, Li, et al, 2019; Ren, Wang, et al, 2019; Ren et al, 2021, 2022; Shao et al, 2019; Taplak & Bayat, 2021; Wang et al, 2020; Yang, 2021).…”

“…After the painful procedures, white noise intervention was taken until 1 min in 2 studies (Duan, Yang, & Yang, 2017; Kucukoglu et al, 2016), 1 study (Shao et al, 2019) until 2 min, 3 studies (Duan, Zhao, et al, 2017; Ju, 2019; Wang et al, 2020) until 3 min, 1 study (Yang, 2021) until 4 min and other 4 studies (Pang, 2019; Ren et al, 2022; Ren, Li, et al, 2019; Ren, Wang, et al, 2019) until 5 min. In addition to the study of Ren et al (2022), other studies showed that white noise relieved pain in children after the painful procedures.…”

“…13 studies (Döra & Büyük, 2021; Duan, Yang, & Yang, 2017; Duan, Zhao, et al, 2017; Dur et al, 2022; Ju, 2019; Karakoç & Türker, 2014; Kucukoglu et al, 2016; Ren, Li, et al, 2019; Ren, Wang, et al, 2019; Ren et al, 2021, 2022; Wang et al, 2020; Yang, 2021) used the music from Orhan Osman's album “Kolic,” in which 2 studies (Döra & Büyük, 2021; Dur et al, 2022) used “Don't Let Your Baby Cry,” 8 studies (Duan, Yang, & Yang, 2017; Duan, Zhao, et al, 2017; Ju, 2019; Ren, Wang, et al, 2019; Ren et al, 2021, 2022; Wang et al, 2020; Yang, 2021) used “Colic Baby: White Noise for Babies” and 3 other studies (Karakoç & Türker, 2014; Kucukoglu et al, 2016; Ren, Li, et al, 2019) did not refer about the specific music chosen. One study (Pang, 2019) used Transition music developed by the American scholar Fred.…”

“…In these studies, Taplak and Bayat (2021) revealed that the pain scores of preterm infants were lower in the white noise group than in the control group at 1 min before the procedures. However, the studies of Dur et al (2022), Döra and Büyük (2021), Wang et al (2020) and Ren et al (2022) showed that the pain scores, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation level and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) of infants were not statistically different between the white noise group and control group before the painful procedures. The research assistant placed the prepared music player about 20 cm away from the head of neonates in their incubators.…”

“…One study (Döra & Büyük, 2021) stated that white noise was played at least 30 cm from the infant and at most 45 cm. 8 studies (Duan, Zhao, et al, 2017;Dur et al, 2022;Shao et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2020;) placed sterilised portable speakers 50 cm from the head of the bed.…”