Effects of kaolinite and its thermal transformation on oxidation of heavy oil

Zhang, Xianghui; Wang, Junjie; Li, Zhongquan; Wang, Ruyan; Li, Hongkui; Luo, Ming; Liu, Huiyu; Hu, Wei; Feng, Qian

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2022.106507

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Several studies in the literature have reported the catalytic effect of kaolinite during the thermal conversion of oil, influencing reaction rates and decreasing activation energies. 16,66,89 In this study, there was evidence that kaolinite facilitated the cationic conversion of AMS. The enabling of additional conversion pathways by kaolinite, including cationic dealkylation to produce benzene and cationic dimerization to form the tricyclic AMS dimer 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenyl indane, could potentially impact the composition of the final products during oil conversion.…”

Section: Catalytic Effect Of Minerals On Ams Conversionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Works regarding the in situ combustion of heavy oils have also reported the impact of kaolinite in enhancing reaction rates and influencing product composition. 16,90 However, the rapid deactivation of kaolinite due to the deposition of carbonaceous material during conversion and the low surface area of kaolinite meant that the potential catalytic contribution of kaolinite was limited. Therefore, although kaolinite performed acid-catalyzed reactions, its impact on the overall conversion during petroleum processing is likely to be minor due to the fast deactivation of the mineral.…”

Section: Catalytic Effect Of Minerals On Ams Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Water and Kaolinite on the Conversion Rate and Reaction Pathways during Thermal Conversion of α-Methylstyrene at 400 °C

P Bassane,

de Klerk

2024

Energy Fuels

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Research examining the impact of water and mineral matter on the thermal conversion of crude oil has indicated that retaining these components during treatment affects cracking, hydrogen transfer, and addition reactions. However, the complex nature of a reaction medium containing crude oil poses a challenge in relating the influence of water and minerals to particular reaction pathways. To enhance understanding of the specific contributions of water and minerals to reaction chemistry during thermal conversion, a practical approach is to make use of simpler model systems to capture relevant information for petroleum processing. The current study explored the impact of water and kaolinite on the reaction rates and pathways during the thermal conversion of a model system comprising αmethylstyrene (AMS), tetralin, and n-pentadecane at 400 °C for 1, 5, 10, and 30 min. The effect of kaolinite at different concentrations was also compared to that of rutile and quartz during the conversion of AMS alone. Water and kaolinite, individually and collectively, affected the reaction rates. Water suppressed the AMS conversion rates, but no evidence was found that water affected reaction pathways. Kaolinite increased the conversion rates of both AMS and tetralin, while also enhancing the formation rates of cumene and naphthalene. This suggested that kaolinite somehow favored hydrogen transfer during the treatment. The presence of kaolinite also increased the formation rates of benzene by dealkylation and the tricyclic AMS dimer 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenyl indane, indicating that kaolinite was catalytically active, influencing reaction pathways by promoting cationic conversion. The adsorption of water on the surface of kaolinite appeared to contribute to reduced reaction rates when reacting AMS in the presence of both water and kaolinite. The deposition of carbonaceous material on kaolinite suggested that the mineral is rapidly fouled during the conversion.

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Section: Catalytic Effect Of Minerals On Ams Conversionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Catalytic Effect Of Minerals On Ams Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Water and Kaolinite on the Conversion Rate and Reaction Pathways during Thermal Conversion of α-Methylstyrene at 400 °C

P Bassane,

de Klerk

2024

Energy Fuels

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“…The thermal stabilities of the aerogels in this study were investigated by TGA (Figure ). These tests show the typical thermal degradation processes associated with the components: water loss (associated with MMT), polymer degradation (PVOH), and clay dehydroxylation in MMT and KLT …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These tests show the typical thermal degradation processes associated with the components: water loss (associated with MMT), polymer degradation (PVOH), and clay dehydroxylation in MMT and KLT. 34 Typically, in MMT aerogels, a weight loss around 100 °C can be observed, attributed to the evaporation of the water present in the internal galleries of the aerogel (first stage). In a second stage, from 250 to 350 °C, the curves show a sharp drop, attributable to the degradation of PVOH with the generation of volatile products, such as water, from the dehydration of the polymer chain, as well as other volatiles that are also generated from the degradation of the polymer chain, such as acetaldehyde and ketones.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electric Conductivity Study of Porous Polyvinyl Alcohol/Graphene/Clay Aerogels: Effect of Compression

et al. 2022

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In this work, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH)/graphene (GN) oxide/clay aerogels were prepared using montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolinite (KLT) as fillers. This work paves the way for the development of aerogels filled with MMT or KLT with high conductivity. The mechanical properties of the polymer/clay aerogels are enhanced by incorporating GN into these systems. These composite materials have an enhanced thermal stability, and the combination of PVOH and GN leads to interconnected channels which favored the conductivity when a clay (MMT or KLT) is added to the mixed PVOH/GN matrix. However, after compressing the samples, the conductivities drastically decreased. These results show that the design of solid MMT/GN and KLT/GN composites as aerogels allows maximizing the space utilization of the electrode volume to achieve unhindered ion transport, which seems contrary to the general design principle of electrode materials where a suitable porous structure is desired, such as in our uncompressed samples. These findings also demonstrate the potential of these materials in electrodes, sensors, batteries, pressure-sensing applications, and supercapacitors.

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Catalytic role of various clay minerals during the thermal reaction process with oxidized and pyrolyzed oils

Luo,

Liu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Effects of kaolinite and its thermal transformation on oxidation of heavy oil

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Role of Water and Kaolinite on the Conversion Rate and Reaction Pathways during Thermal Conversion of α-Methylstyrene at 400 °C

Role of Water and Kaolinite on the Conversion Rate and Reaction Pathways during Thermal Conversion of α-Methylstyrene at 400 °C

Electric Conductivity Study of Porous Polyvinyl Alcohol/Graphene/Clay Aerogels: Effect of Compression

Catalytic role of various clay minerals during the thermal reaction process with oxidized and pyrolyzed oils

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