Effects of Karenia brevis on clearance rates and bioaccumulation of brevetoxins in benthic suspension feeding invertebrates

Echevarria, Michael L.; Naar, Jérôme; Tomas, Carmelo R.; Pawlik, Joseph R.

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.10.011

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Species specific metabolism of PbTx has been reported widely throughout the literature (Cummins et al, 1971;Steidinger et al, 1998;Nozawa et al, 2003;Ishida et al, 2004aIshida et al, , 2004bAbraham et al, 2012;Echevarria et al, 2012) offering a likely explanation to observable differences between P. viridis in this study and those reported for C. virginica and M. mercenaria. Indeed, Ishida et al (2004b) found a significant difference in PbTx metabolism in P. canaliculus and Crassostrea gigas, two similar species to those compared in this study, with different concentrations of metabolites found in each indicating similar pathways, but different reaction rates.…”

Section: Speciessupporting

confidence: 33%

“…While both species had PbTx-3, BTX-B1 and BTX-B5, P. canaliculus also produced BTX-B2, BTX-B3 and BTX-B4, but C. gigas did not (Ishida et al, 2004b;Morohashi et al, 1999;Nozawa et al, 2003). Concentrations of metabolites present may effect tissue retention time between species as different derivatives may be stored differently and in various tissue compartments, thus effecting elimination rates (Echevarria et al, 2012). Detoxification is partially dependent upon the peak tissue concentration (Bricelj and Shumway, 1998) and previous exposure history can affect the uptake kinetics of biotoxins (Shumway and Cucci, 1987).…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Uptake and elimination of brevetoxin in the invasive green mussel, Perna viridis, during natural Karenia brevis blooms in southwest Florida

McFarland

Jean

Soudant

et al. 2015

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Perna viridis is a recently introduced species to US coastal waters and have vigorously spread throughout the southeastern seaboard since their invasion. Little information regarding their response to local environmental factors has been reported including responses to the local HAB species, Karenia brevis. This study monitored the tissue toxin concentration of brevetoxins in P. viridis from existing populations throughout two consecutive natural K. brevis blooms. The results showed P. viridis to rapidly accumulate PbTx upon exposure to the bloom, far exceeding the peak tissue concentrations of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, sampled during the same period, 57,653 ± 15,937 and 33,462 ± 10,391 ng g(-1) PbTx-3 equivalent, respectively. Further, P. viridis retained high PbTx concentrations in their tissues post bloom remaining above the regulatory limit for human consumption for 4-5 months, significantly longer than the depuration time of 2-8 weeks for native oyster and clam species. In the second year, the bloom persisted at high cell concentrations resulting in prolonged exposure and higher PbTx tissue concentrations indicating increased bioaccumulation in green mussels. While this species is not currently harvested for human consumption, the threat for post bloom trophic transfer could pose negative impacts on other important fisheries and higher food web implications.

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Section: Speciessupporting

confidence: 33%

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Uptake and elimination of brevetoxin in the invasive green mussel, Perna viridis, during natural Karenia brevis blooms in southwest Florida

McFarland

Jean

Soudant

et al. 2015

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“…Intracellular PbTx concentrations (fg/µm 3 ) increased by up to 2.5-fold during N-limited growth in laboratory cultures. In the field, this would translate into the potential for a significantly higher PbTx flux into the food web and increased exposure of affected organisms during periods of N-limitation of algal growth [21], [22]. Whether P-limitation causes a similar increase in cellular toxicity is unknown and was the focus of this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Toxicity of Karenia brevis during Phosphate Limited Growth: Ecological and Evolutionary Implications

et al. 2013

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Karenia brevis is the dominant toxic red tide algal species in the Gulf of Mexico. It produces potent neurotoxins (brevetoxins [PbTxs]), which negatively impact human and animal health, local economies, and ecosystem function. Field measurements have shown that cellular brevetoxin contents vary from 1–68 pg/cell but the source of this variability is uncertain. Increases in cellular toxicity caused by nutrient-limitation and inter-strain differences have been observed in many algal species. This study examined the effect of P-limitation of growth rate on cellular toxin concentrations in five Karenia brevis strains from different geographic locations. Phosphorous was selected because of evidence for regional P-limitation of algal growth in the Gulf of Mexico. Depending on the isolate, P-limited cells had 2.3- to 7.3-fold higher PbTx per cell than P-replete cells. The percent of cellular carbon associated with brevetoxins (%C-PbTx) was ∼ 0.7 to 2.1% in P-replete cells, but increased to 1.6–5% under P-limitation. Because PbTxs are potent anti-grazing compounds, this increased investment in PbTxs should enhance cellular survival during periods of nutrient-limited growth. The %C-PbTx was inversely related to the specific growth rate in both the nutrient-replete and P-limited cultures of all strains. This inverse relationship is consistent with an evolutionary tradeoff between carbon investment in PbTxs and other grazing defenses, and C investment in growth and reproduction. In aquatic environments where nutrient supply and grazing pressure often vary on different temporal and spatial scales, this tradeoff would be selectively advantageous as it would result in increased net population growth rates. The variation in PbTx/cell values observed in this study can account for the range of values observed in the field, including the highest values, which are not observed under N-limitation. These results suggest P-limitation is an important factor regulating cellular toxicity and adverse impacts during at least some K. brevis blooms.

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“…[3,4] In addition to human health effects, red tides can lead to closure of shellfish beds and toxicity to fish. [5,6] Marine mammals have also been negatively impacted with mortalities of dolphins and manatees reported after brevetoxin exposure. [7,8] Of the many brevetoxin congeners, field measurements of aerosol and seawater collected during or immediately after K. brevis blooms show several brevetoxins present with PbTx-2 in the highest abundance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced detection of the algal toxin PbTx‐2 in marine waters by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Mead

Probst²,

Helms³

et al. 2014

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Effects of Karenia brevis on clearance rates and bioaccumulation of brevetoxins in benthic suspension feeding invertebrates

Cited by 34 publications

References 50 publications

Uptake and elimination of brevetoxin in the invasive green mussel, Perna viridis, during natural Karenia brevis blooms in southwest Florida

Uptake and elimination of brevetoxin in the invasive green mussel, Perna viridis, during natural Karenia brevis blooms in southwest Florida

Increased Toxicity of Karenia brevis during Phosphate Limited Growth: Ecological and Evolutionary Implications

Enhanced detection of the algal toxin PbTx‐2 in marine waters by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

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