Effects of Kuwait oils on feeding rates of copepods

Acute toxicity of naturally and chemically dispersed oil on the filter-feeding copepod Calanus finmarchicus

“…Compared to controls all exposed groups, except those exposed to the medium dispersion concentrations, displayed lower algae stomach content. Studies have previously shown marginal effects on feeding rates for Calanus helgolandicus exposed to 2 mg/L dispersed oil and for Temora longicornis exposed to 1 mg/L dispersed oil (Spooner and Corkett, 1979). In our experiment we clearly observed lower stomach content in the highest concentration of dispersion (3 mg/L THC).…”

Experimental studies of reproduction and feeding for two Arctic-dwelling Calanus species exposed to crude oil

“…This contradicts studies performed on other Calanus species. Spooner & Corkett (1979) observed reduced feeding in C. helgolandicus exposed to WSF of Kuwait crude oil (2 µg l -1 ) while Jensen et al (2008) found increased feeding in exposed C. glacialis compared to controls after 9 d of exposure to 10 nM (2.02 µg l -1 ) pyrene.…”

“…In general, invertebrates, and presumably copepods, have a relatively low and variable ability to metabolize PAHs (Varanasi 1989, Rust et al 2004) and thus may accumulate PAHs (Duesterloh et al 2002, Rust et al 2004, Carls et al 2006. Experimental investigations have shown reduced feeding in Calanus helgolandicus exposed to the water soluble fraction (WSF) of Kuwait crude oil (Spooner & Corkett 1979). Cowles & Remillard (1983) observed reduced feeding but no change in egg production in Centropages hamatus exposed to >10 ng l -1 of crude oil while both egg production and egg hatching success was reduced in Acartia tonsa exposed singly to fluoranthene, phenanthrene and pyrene (Bellas & Thor 2007).…”

Modeling filtration of dispersed crude oil droplets by the copepod Calanus finmarchicus

“…Adhesion of oil droplets to copepod body surface and filtering apparatus has been shown, but more importantly copepods have been shown to filter and ingest oil droplets during exposure to dispersed oil (Nordtug et al, 2015;Gyllenberg, 1981;Hansen et al, 2009;Hansen et al, 2012;Conover, 1971;Spooner and Corkett, 1979). The size distribution of oil droplets from a spill incident may in some cases have significant overlap with the corresponding distribution of natural copepod food particles, and oil droplets will then be ingested as food, as found experimentally by Hebert and Poulet (1980) (Hebert and Poulet, 1980), as well as others (Conover, 1971;Lee et al, 2012;Almeda et al, 2014aAlmeda et al, , 2014b.…”

“…The size distribution of oil droplets from a spill incident may in some cases have significant overlap with the corresponding distribution of natural copepod food particles, and oil droplets will then be ingested as food, as found experimentally by Hebert and Poulet (1980) (Hebert and Poulet, 1980), as well as others (Conover, 1971;Lee et al, 2012;Almeda et al, 2014aAlmeda et al, , 2014b. While the ultimate fate of the ingested oil remains uncertain, it will mostly end up in the fecal pellets produced by the copepods (Spooner and Corkett, 1979).…”