Effects of L-carnitine supplementation in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease: a pilot study

Talebi, Seyed Saman; Ghasemi, Mehran; Etminani-Esfahani, Maryam; Mohammadi, Younes; Haddadi, Rasool

doi:10.1007/s43440-022-00402-y

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In contrast to our findings, Talebi et al 12 reported that administration of oral LC at a dose of 3 grams daily for five days in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients reduced the CRP level in the intervention group significantly. According to a recent meta-analysis on the anti-inflammatory effects of LC, there was no relationship between dose, duration of treatment, or the reduction of CRP levels.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…It appears that LC downregulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1, thereby protecting body organs against cytokine storms. Also, a pilot study by Talebi et al 12 showed that LC administration significantly decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), CRP, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of parenteral L-carnitine in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A randomized double-blind clinical trial

Naeimzadeh,

Sadeghi,

Saghaleini

et al. 2024

Bioimpacts

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Introduction: Pro-inflammatory responses have an important role in developing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). L-carnitine (LC) has been known to possess anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antiviral effects. So, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of LC in hospitalized patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted on hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. The patients were randomized (1:1) to receive LC (n = 50) at a dose of 20 mg/kg or matching placebo (n = 51) from normal saline once daily for 14 days or until hospitalization and standard care. The primary outcome was hospital mortality and disease severity according to the World Health Organization's clinical progression scale. We also assessed the free carnitine level at baseline and the end of the study. C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and improvement of respiratory conditions were chosen as secondary outcomes Results: From 104 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 101 individuals’ data were analyzed. The LC group showed a significant reduction in LDH levels (P = 0.003), although CRP, ferritin, and D-dimer levels did not significantly differ from the placebo group. Also, no significant difference was observed in disease severity, oxygenation status, hospital mortality, or hospital stay between the two groups. Additionally, there was no increase in serum-free carnitine levels in the LC group (P > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: The results of the current study did not support the superiority of LC over placebo in improving oxygenation, decreasing mortality, and hospital stay, as well as CRP, ferritin, and D-dimer in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients. Trial Registration: IRCT20170609034406N10; https://en.irct.ir/trial/60306.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of parenteral L-carnitine in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A randomized double-blind clinical trial

Naeimzadeh,

Sadeghi,

Saghaleini

et al. 2024

Bioimpacts

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“…Talebi et al ( 22 ) showed recently that L-carnitine supplementation promoted improvements in several parameters, including O2 saturation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) when compared to the intervention group. Additionally, the authors found no mortality in the L-carnitine group, while 14% of the patients in the control group died.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of L-carnitine L-tartrate to modulate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection

et al. 2023

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IntroductionL-carnitine (LC) has been associated with inflammatory mediator reduction and with downregulating the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, which is the target of SARS-CoV-2 attachment.MethodsThis pilot phase 2 randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial contained two cohorts. Cohort 1 comprised 101 individuals with negative RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results who cohabitated with an individual diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cohort 2 comprised 122 individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results who were asymptomatic or had mild COVID-19 pneumonia symptoms. Participants in each cohort were randomized 1:1 to receive either 2 g elemental oral LC supplementation or placebo daily for 21 days. Primary endpoints included adverse events, SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence in Cohort 1, and disease progressions in Cohort 2. Secondary endpoints included between-group laboratory profile comparisons and Cohort 2 ACE1/ACE2 plasma levels. Disease progression was compared between the Cohort 2 groups using chest computed tomography.ResultsIn Cohort 1, two SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred in each group. The common adverse events included headache, dyspnea, and tiredness. In Cohort 2, platelet counts were elevated, and fibrinogen levels reduced in the LC group compared with those of the placebo group.ConclusionOur study showed that LC was well-tolerated and suggests it modulates coagulation pathways. Furthermore, chest computed tomography images of the Cohort 2 LC group showed significant lung lesion improvement, suggesting that LC may slow COVID-19 progression.

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“…(Talebi et al, 2022) [132] Randomized controlled trials Patients afflicted fatty liver exhibit a decrease in AST, ALT and TG levels.…”

Section: Double-blinded Randomized Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on L-carnitine: A Promising Nutraceutical

Gunjal,

Kulkarni,

Bairagi

et al. 2024

Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Drug Res.

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L-carnitine (LC), also known as β-hydroxy γ-trimethyl-amino-butyric acid, is a quaternary amine synthesized within the liver and kidneys from the amino acid lysine and methionine. It is the pharmacologically active form of carnitine that plays a crucial role in energy production and the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) through β-oxidation. Deficiency in the organic cation transporter-2 (OCTN2) can arise due to genetic mutations or in conjunction with other illnesses like hepatic or renal disease. Deficits in carnitine regulation can result in various diseases including endocrine disorders, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, malnutrition, aging, sepsis, and cirrhosis. LC has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Supplementation of LC has shown benefits in improving inflammatory conditions by reducing levels of inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Supplementation of LC is particularly useful for individuals with primary carnitine deficiencies, which can be life-threatening, as well as certain secondary deficiencies such as organic acidurias, muscle wasting, and weakness. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that LC may hold therapeutic potential for various diseases including renal diseases, liver diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, diabetes, cachexia, obesity, depression, epilepsy, and more.

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Effects of L-carnitine supplementation in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease: a pilot study

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of parenteral L-carnitine in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A randomized double-blind clinical trial

Effect of parenteral L-carnitine in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A randomized double-blind clinical trial

A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of L-carnitine L-tartrate to modulate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection

A Comprehensive Review on L-carnitine: A Promising Nutraceutical

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