Effects of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC04 on Lipid Reduction in C57BL/6J Mice

Abstract

Probiotics are functional foods that can effectively regulate lipid reduction and maintain body health. In this study, a strain of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC04 (LF-CQPC04) isolated from traditional naturally fermented vegetables (Sichuan pickles) was studied, and its effects on lipid reduction in mice, as well as its mechanism of action, were observed. The results of this experiment show that LF-CQPC04 can reduce the abnormal weight gain and abnormal visceral index of mice caused by a high-fat diet. LF-CQPC04 can decrease TG (triglycerides), TC (total cholesterol), LDL-c (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), AST (aspartate transaminase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), and AKP (alkaline phosphatase) levels and increase HDL-c (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels in the serum of high-fat mice. LF-CQPC04 can also decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), and IFN-γ (interferon gamma), and increase IL-4 and IL-10 levels in the serum of high-fat mice. The results of RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and western blot experiments show that LF-CQPC04 can also down-regulate the expression of PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), C/EBP-α (CCAAT/enhances binding protein alpha) mRNA, and protein in the liver tissue of high-fat mice, while up-regulating the expression of Cu/Zn-SOD (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase), Mn-SOD (manganese superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase), PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha), CPT1 (carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1), LPL (lipoprotein lipase), and ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1). Moreover, LF-CQPC04 shows stronger effects in regulating lipid reduction in mice than L-carnitine and commercial LB (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus) bacteria. LF-CQPC04 is beneficial for lipid reduction in animals and has good probiotic potential.

Lactobacillus delbrueckii might lower serum triglyceride levels via colonic microbiota modulation and SCFA-mediated fat metabolism in parenteral tissues of growing-finishing pigs

“…However, we found the Angptl4 and LPL expression were both increased, which might be related to the SCFAs generated in colon, just as a report from Jiao et al ( 45 ) that SCFAs could reduce lipogenesis, and enhance lipolysis in different tissues of pigs via regulating related hormones and genes. CPT1 is a rate-limiting enzyme in the β-oxidation process of fatty acids and located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, catalyzing the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from acyl-CoA to carnitine, then it enters the mitochondria from the cytoplasm for oxidation ( 14 ). The upregulated hepatic CPT-1 mRNA expression demonstrated that fatty acid β-oxidation might be enhanced.…”

“…Additionally, metabolites of gut microbes, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) not only is of importance in gut health as signaling molecules, but also might enter the systemic circulation and directly affect the metabolism or function of peripheral tissues ( 13 ). SCFAs is considered as a bridge linking gut microbiota and parenteral tissues ( 13 ), which exhibit a vital role in fat accumulation via affecting lipid metabolism, energy metabolism and appetite ( 14 ). In recent years, an increasing attention are paid on intervention studies of probiotics influencing lipid metabolism via manipulation of gut microbiota and metabolites.…”

Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic nature of lactobacillus strains in fermented vegetable and dairy products

“…However, the conclusion drawn by Wa et al (2019) through their findings suggested that the lipid-metabolism-related gene modulation of single probiotics was more efficacious in comparison to the combined probiotics (Wa et al, 2019). Yi et al (2020) evaluated the lipid reduction effects and mechanism of action of L. fermentum CQPC04, isolated from traditional naturally fermented vegetable, Sichuan pickle. In this in-vivo study conducted in 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice, the Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC04 showed reduction in abnormal weight gain and abnormal visceral index of mice caused by a high-fat diet.…”

“…Since abnormal levels of ALT, AST, AKP are markers of liver damage, their reduction in this finding suggested that Lactobacillusfermentum CQPC04 could prevent liver damage and as a result prevent obesity and obesity-related disorders. Further, this Lactobacillus strain could also decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines, like IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), and IFN-γ (interferon gamma) in the serum of high-fat mice (Yi et al, 2020). Mu et al (2020) studied the in-vivo lipid-reducing property of L. plantarum KFY02 isolated from naturally fermented yogurt on C57BL/6J mice.…”

“…Lowering of TG, TC, LDL, AST, ALT and AKP levels, while increasing the HDL levels in the serum of high-fat diet fed mice. Decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines, like IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the serum of high-fat miceYi et al (2020)…”