The eastern hive bee Apis cerana is a major honeybee species in Asia providing numerous ecosystem services. Understanding how much the honeybees depend on natural and human-influenced plants and landscapes in different climates is important could contribute to evaluate how wild honeybees use food resources and to measure the ecosystem services. We investigated the effects of land use and climate changes on stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in wild populations of A. cerana. In populations from 139 individual sites throughout Japan, we measured nitrogen (d 15 N) and carbon (d 13 C) stable isotope ratios and analyzed the effects of land use and climate. Our results showed that forested areas and annual precipitation had significant effects on d 15 N, and that paddy fields and urban areas had significant effects on d 13 C. These results suggest that A. cerana sensibly uses available food resources in the various environments and that stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios clearly reflect the effects of land use and climate changes on the populations of A. cerana. Thus, stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in A. cerana, which widely distributes in Asia, can be used as indicators of the environments, such as land use and climate, of an area within its foraging range.Keywords Honey Á Bee Á Nitrogen Á Carbon Á Delta 15N Á Delta 13C Communicated by Eckehard Brockerhoff, Hervé Jactel and Ian Thompson. This is part of the special issue on 'Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services'.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (