Effects of larval crowding and nutrient limitation on male phenotype, reproductive investment and strategy in Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Bhavanam, Santhi; Trewick, Steven A.

doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2017.01.004

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Experimental evolution in P. interpunctella also revealed that males evolving in low (not high) larval density transfer overall more sperm and both sexes invest less in immunity (McNamara and Simmons 2017), contradicting the predictions of standard density-dependent theory and density-dependent prophylaxis (see above). Interestingly, high larval density compounded with food shortage leads to plastic phenotypic adaptions in the adult of the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella whereby males have lower body weight but disproportionately longer wings which could facilitate migration (Bhavanam and Trewick 2017). Whether or not migratory individuals have higher fitness remains to be tested (Stamps 2006).…”

Section: Immediate and Delayed Density-dependent Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we provide a functional definition of density aimed to standardise the terminology used in density-dependent studies-for our own reference while writing the review and also for future studies, where a functional definition of density will allow for comparative analysis across taxa. Next, we identify the biological levels at which density-dependent effects are manifested in non-social holometabolous insects and review the empirical evidences underpinning density-dependent effects on the larvae (density-dependent immediate effects), adults (density-dependent delayed effects), as well as populations (densitydependent ecological effects) and across generations (density-dependent evolutionary effects) (Agnew et al 2000;Bhavanam and Trewick 2017;Couret et al 2014;Creland et al 1986;Gimnig et al 2002;Hawley 1985;Morimoto et al 2019a;Morimoto et al 2017a). We then discuss recent evidences that density-dependent effects could affect the interactions between the host and its microbial community (density-dependent microbial interactions) and conclude by proposing a conceptual model to explain how density-dependent host-microbial interactions can modulate the strength of density-dependent effects across biological levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrative developmental ecology: a review of density-dependent effects on life-history traits and host-microbe interactions in non-social holometabolous insects

Ponton

Morimoto

2020

Evol Ecol

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Population density modulates a wide range of eco-evolutionary processes including inter- and intra-specific competition, fitness and population dynamics. In holometabolous insects, the larval stage is particularly susceptible to density-dependent effects because the larva is the resource-acquiring stage. Larval density-dependent effects can modulate the expression of life-history traits not only in the larval and adult stages but also downstream for population dynamics and evolution. Better understanding the scope and generality of density-dependent effects on life-history traits of current and future generations can provide useful knowledge for both theory and experiments in developmental ecology. Here, we review the literature on larval density-dependent effects on fitness of non-social holometabolous insects. First, we provide a functional definition of density to navigate the terminology in the literature. We then classify the biological levels upon which larval density-dependent effects can be observed followed by a review of the literature produced over the past decades across major non-social holometabolous groups. Next, we argue that host-microbe interactions are yet an overlooked biological level susceptible to density-dependent effects and propose a conceptual model to explain how density-dependent effects on host-microbe interactions can modulate density-dependent fitness curves. In summary, this review provides an integrative framework of density-dependent effects across biological levels which can be used to guide future research in the field of ecology and evolution.

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Section: Immediate and Delayed Density-dependent Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative developmental ecology: a review of density-dependent effects on life-history traits and host-microbe interactions in non-social holometabolous insects

Ponton

Morimoto

2020

Evol Ecol

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“…Studies of anticipatory investment in mating effort have focused primarily on males [18]. For example, male moths use larval population density as a cue of future sperm competition risk, increasing their investment in gametes when reared at high density [21][22][23][24], or in antennal length [25] and wing muscle [26] when reared at low density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socially cued anticipatory adjustment of female signalling effort in a moth

2020

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Juvenile population density has profound effects on subsequent adult development, morphology and reproductive investment. Yet, little is known about how the juvenile social environment affects adult investment into chemical sexual signalling. Male gumleaf skeletonizer moths, Uraba lugens, facultatively increase investment into antennae (pheromone receiving structures) when reared at low juvenile population densities, but whether there is comparable adjustment by females into pheromone investment is not known. We investigate how juvenile population density influences the ‘calling' (pheromone-releasing) behaviour of females and the attractiveness of their pheromones. Female U. lugens adjust their calling behaviour in response to socio-sexual cues: adult females reared in high juvenile population densities called earlier and for longer than those from low juvenile densities. Juvenile density also affected female pheromonal attractiveness: Y-maze olfactometer assays revealed that males prefer pheromones produced by females reared at high juvenile densities. This strategic investment in calling behaviour by females, based on juvenile cues that anticipate the future socio-sexual environment, likely reflects a response to avoid mating failure through competition with neighbouring signallers.

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“…Parthenogenesis generally occurs when food resources are available in excess, while sexuality correlates with food shortage. However, food shortage or a nutrition deficiency experienced at larval stage affects adult morphology and life-history traits, especially in species where adults do not feed ( Nevo and Coll 2001 , Jones et al 2011 , Bhavanam and Trewick 2017 ). In present study, we found that high larval density trigged parthenogenetic reproduction in females of P. operculella , possibly because of an emergency response to adverse overcrowding conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Parthenogenesis in Potato Tuber Moth

Liu

Wang

et al. 2018

Journal of Insect Science

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Parthenogenesis, a natural form of asexual reproduction produced from unfertilized eggs, occurs in many insects in Hemiptera and Hymenoptera, but very rarely in Lepidoptera. The current study aimed to test the larval density dependent occurrence of parthenogenesis in potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under laboratory conditions. More than 10% of females out of 25 tested females that developed from the high larval density treatment at 45 larvae per tuber were capable to reproduce asexually. Both male and female offspring were produced parthenogenetically. The sexually reproductive offspring of a laboratory parthenogenetic population had a lower egg hatch rate, shorter larval stage, and shorter male life span when compared with the non-parthenogenetic population. This suggests that the sexually reproductive offspring of parthenogenetic population have a decreased overall fitness compared to the sexually reproductive offspring of non-parthenogenetic population.

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Effects of larval crowding and nutrient limitation on male phenotype, reproductive investment and strategy in Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Integrative developmental ecology: a review of density-dependent effects on life-history traits and host-microbe interactions in non-social holometabolous insects

Integrative developmental ecology: a review of density-dependent effects on life-history traits and host-microbe interactions in non-social holometabolous insects

Socially cued anticipatory adjustment of female signalling effort in a moth

Occurrence of Parthenogenesis in Potato Tuber Moth

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