Effects of larval diet on the life-history traits and phenotypic expression of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector<i>Anopheles gambiae s.s.</i>

Sovegnon, Pierre Marie; Fanou, Marie Joelle; Akoton, Romaric; Djihinto, Oswald Yédjinnavênan; Lagnika, Hamirath Odée; Agonhossou, Romuald; Djogbenou, Luc

doi:10.1101/2022.01.11.475801

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…After oviposition, eggs typically hatch within 48 hours into motile larvae that cycle through four life-stages called instar (L1-L4), and then transform into nonfeeding pupae within which an adult mosquito develops and emerges from. Differences in egg hatching time and larval development directly influence mosquito body size, vectorial capacity and overall fitness [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The main factors determining these parameters are environmental conditions such as temperature and nutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of mosquito size and receptiveness toP. falciparuminfection of two rearing procedures forAnophelesmosquitoes

Graumans¹,

Lanke²,

Vegte‐Bolmer³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Malaria is transmitted when Anopheline mosquitoes ingest Plasmodium parasites during blood-feeding. Artificial feeding assays allow mosquitoes to take up blood from membrane feeders, and are widely used to study malaria transmission. These assays require large quantities of mosquitoes; insectaries optimize their rearing procedures to generate high yields of permissive, homogeneous mosquito populations. Rearing of Anopheline stephensi mosquitoes was protocolized at the Radboudumc in the 1980s, yet infection outcomes remain heterogeneous. This study explores possible improvements in mosquito rearing to improve homogeneity of the resulting mosquito populations. It compares the current mass-rearing standard with an adapted alternative approach from another institute that optimizes larval density per tray and applies a diet that has previously been reported. Differences between procedures were assessed by measuring mosquito size by proxy of wing-length and imbibed blood meal volume. To assess receptiveness to P. falciparum infection mosquitoes were fed cultured gametocytes. We observed a slight decrease in mosquito size when applying the alternative rearing procedure, but generated equally parasite-receptive P. falciparum mosquitoes compared to the standard procedure. We conclude that both rearing protocols can be used to generate susceptible mosquitoes for conducting malaria research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of mosquito size and receptiveness toP. falciparuminfection of two rearing procedures forAnophelesmosquitoes

Graumans¹,

Lanke²,

Vegte‐Bolmer³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…17 ). Other studies have showed that larval nutrition 20,23,24,25 , adult bloodfeeding 26,27 , parasite infection 28,29,30 , environmental temperature 24,31 , or larval exposure to herbicides and/or metal pollutants 32,33 also can modify adult susceptibility to insecticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural plant diet impacts phenotypic expression of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes

Paré

Hien

Bayili

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Success in reducing malaria transmission through vector control is threatened by insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Although the proximal molecular mechanisms and genetic determinants involved are now relatively well documented, little is known about the influence of the environment on the phenotypic expression of mosquito resistance to insecticides. In particular, the extent to which mosquito plant feeding affects the phenotypic expression of insecticide resistance remains unknown. To assess the effect of plant diet on the response of mosquitoes to insecticides, larvae from the predominant vector, Anopheles gambiae sensu latowere collected in southwestern Burkina Faso and reared until adulthood. Following emergence, adults were fed with one of four treatment (5% glucose solution, nectariferous flowers of Barleria lupulina, nectariferous flowers of Cascabela thevetia and a combination of both plants Barleria lupulina + Cascabela thevetia). WHO standard tube tests were performed with 0.05% and 0.5% deltamethrin. The measured end-point parameters were knockdown rate (KD) and the 24 h mosquito mortality. Following the bioassays, DNA was extracted from each mosquito individual for PCR identification of the siblings of the An. gambiae complex and determination of the kdr genotypic and allelic frequencies. Plant diet significantly influenced mosquito KD rate at both concentrations of deltamethrin. Following exposure to 0.05% deltamethrin, the Barleria lupulina diet induced a 2.5 fold-decrease in mosquito mortality compared to the 5% glucose treatment. The molecular data confirmed the predominance of An. gambiae (60% of the samples) over An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis. The kdr mutation L1014F displayed a high allelic frequency of 0.75 and, as expected, it was positively associated with increased resistance to deltamethrin. Plant diet, particularly B. lupulina, appears to increase the susceptibility of mosquitoes to insecticides. The finding that B. lupulina-fed control individuals (i.e., not exposed to deltamethrin)also displayed increased 24 h mortality suggests that plant-mediated effects may be driven by direct effect of plant diet on mosquito survival rather than indirect effects through interference with insecticide-resistance mechanisms. Thus, some plant species may weaken mosquitoes, making them less vigorous and more vulnerable to the insecticide. There is a need for further investigation, using a wider range of plant species and insecticides, in combination with other relevant environmental factors, to better understand the expression and evolution of insecticide resistance

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“…17 ). Other studies have also shown that larval nutrition 20,[23][24][25] , adult blood-feeding 26,27 , parasite infection [28][29][30] , environmental temperature 24,31 , or larval exposure to herbicides and/or metal pollutants 32,33 can modify adult susceptibility to insecticides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural plant diet impacts phenotypic expression of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes

Paré

Hien

Bayili

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Success in reducing malaria transmission through vector control is threatened by insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Although the proximal molecular mechanisms and genetic determinants involved are well documented, little is known about the influence of the environment on mosquito resistance to insecticides. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of plant sugar feeding on the response of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato to insecticides. Adults were fed with one of four treatments, namely a 5% glucose control solution, nectariferous flowers of Barleria lupulina, of Cascabela thevetia and a combination of both B. lupulina + C. thevetia. WHO tube tests were performed with 0.05% and 0.5% deltamethrin, and knockdown rate (KD) and the 24 h mosquito mortality were measured. Plant diet significantly influenced mosquito KD rate at both concentrations of deltamethrin. Following exposure to 0.05% deltamethrin, the B. lupulina diet induced a 2.5 fold-increase in mosquito mortality compared to 5% glucose. Species molecular identification confirmed the predominance of An. gambiae (60% of the samples) over An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis in our study area. The kdr mutation L1014F displayed an allelic frequency of 0.75 and was positively associated with increased phenotypic resistance to deltamethrin. Plant diet, particularly B. lupulina, increased the susceptibility of mosquitoes to insecticides. The finding that B. lupulina-fed control individuals (i.e. not exposed to deltamethrin) also displayed increased 24 h mortality suggests that plant-mediated effects may be driven by a direct effect of plant diet on mosquito survival rather than indirect effects through interference with insecticide-resistance mechanisms. Thus, some plant species may weaken mosquitoes, making them less vigorous and more vulnerable to the insecticide. There is a need for further investigation, using a wider range of plant species and insecticides, in combination with other relevant environmental factors, to better understand the expression and evolution of insecticide resistance.

show abstract

Effects of larval diet on the life-history traits and phenotypic expression of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vectorAnopheles gambiae s.s.

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Comparative assessment of mosquito size and receptiveness toP. falciparuminfection of two rearing procedures forAnophelesmosquitoes

Comparative assessment of mosquito size and receptiveness toP. falciparuminfection of two rearing procedures forAnophelesmosquitoes

Natural plant diet impacts phenotypic expression of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes

Natural plant diet impacts phenotypic expression of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes

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