Aims Plant-soil feedback (PSF), which may vary across spaces and time, is considered as an important mechanism in biological invasions. However, it is still unclear how PSF changes during biological invasions in different environments.Methods To address this problems, we measured aboveground biomass and cover of the invasive plant Ageratina adenophora, richness and diversity of its co-occurring natives, PSFs for the invader, soil nutrients and fungal communities at uninvaded, recently and long invaded sites in lightly and severely disturbed habitats.Results Invasion time and habitats in uenced PSFs for the invader interactively. With increasing invasion time, the PSFs (trend) decreased signi cantly, while dominance of the invader and its ecological impacts remained similar in the lightly disturbed habitats; in the severely disturbed habitats, however, the PSFs, the invader's dominance and impacts all increased. The PSFs were higher, especially at long invaded sites, in the severely (positive) relative to the lightly (neutral or negative) disturbed habitats, contributing to the observed patterns of the invader's dominance and impacts. The dynamics of the PSFs were associated with soil nutrients and microbes, and the former may function indirectly via affecting the lattes. Soil pathogens and AMF contributed to the dynamics of the PSFs in some cases, but not in others.Conclusions These ndings indicate that the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of PSFs may contribute to the dynamics of dominance and impact of invasive species in forests, and highlight the need to consider the effects of invasion time and environments when studying PSFs.