Effects of Lead on Growth Plate Chondrocyte Phenotype

Hicks, David G.; O’Keefe, Regis J.; Reynolds, Kiley J.; Cory‐Slechta, Deborah A.; Puzas, J. Edward; Judkins, Alexander R.; Rosier, Randy N.

doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0209

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Our finding has also revealed that MSC has the ability to reduce residues of Pb in tissues (brain, liver, kidney, long bone, hair, heart, spleen, pancreas, longissimus muscle) as well as to increase the levels of serum GH in pigs as reported in other studies [18][19][20]. Therefore, it is concluded that MSC can be used for amelioration of Pb toxicity in animals and guarantee the safety of animal products.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Effect of Montmorillonite Superfine Composite on Growth Performance and Tissue Lead Level in Pigs

2008

Biol Trace Elem Res

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A feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of montmorillonite superfine composite (MSC) on growth performance and tissue lead levels in pigs. Sixty barrows were randomly divided into two groups. They were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0 or 0.5% MSC, respectively, for 100 days. Serum samples were collected and analyzed to study growth hormone secretion pattern. The mean lead concentration in selected tissues was analyzed. The results showed that average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of pigs were improved by 8.97% (p < 0.05), 3.90% (p < 0.05), and 4.76% (p < 0.05), respectively, with the supplementation of MSC compared to the control group. Serum sample analysis indicated that peak amplitude, base-line level, and mean level of growth hormone were increased by 117.14% (p < 0.01), 42.78% (p < 0.01), and 51.75% (p < 0.01), respectively. Supplementation of MSC in the diet was found to significantly reduce lead concentration of tissues in blood, brain, liver, bone, kidney and hair.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Effect of Montmorillonite Superfine Composite on Growth Performance and Tissue Lead Level in Pigs

2008

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…Lead (Pb), the heavy metal most widely studied in biological systems, has toxic effects on various organs including the skeleton (103)(104)(105). Bone is a major reservoir for ingested Pb (106), and delayed skeletal development occurs in children with prenatal exposure to Pb (107).…”

Section: The Influence Of Pathologic Stress On Chondrogenesis and Endmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation by stress

Zuscik¹,

Hilton²,

Zhang³

et al. 2008

J. Clin. Invest.

218

173

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Chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification are the cartilage differentiation processes that lead to skeletal formation and growth in the developing vertebrate as well as skeletal repair in the adult. The exquisite regulation of these processes, both in normal development and in pathologic situations, is impacted by a number of different types of stress. These include normal stressors such as mechanical loading and hypoxia as well pathologic stressors such as injury and/or inflammation and environmental toxins. This article provides an overview of the processes of chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification and their control at the molecular level. A summary of the influence of the most well-understood normal and pathologic stressors on the differentiation program is also presented. Introduction to cartilageCartilage is a connective tissue that is comprised primarily of matrix (mainly collagens and proteoglycans) containing relatively sparse populations of chondrocytes, which perform matrix-generation and maintenance functions. During the development and growth of vertebrates, chondrogenesis is the dynamic cellular process that leads to the establishment of various types of cartilage, including hyaline, fibrous, and elastic cartilage. Hyaline cartilage is found in craniofacial structures, the trachea and bronchial tubes, the articular surfaces of diarthrodial joints, and the growth plate (GP) of long bones. GPs are responsible for driving the process of limb lengthening and bone growth during development pre- and postnatally. This type of bone growth involves the process of endochondral ossification (otherwise known as bone formation). The type of cartilage that is most prominent and most susceptible to both normal and pathologic forms of stress is the hyaline cartilage of the limb and trunk skeleton, which originates from the differentiation of condensed mesenchymal cells into clusters of cartilage cells known as chondrocytes. These cartilage anlagen preform the skeleton and provide a framework for endochondral bone development, a process that involves chondrocyte maturation and matrix mineralization in the GPs. The cells of each skeletal element proceed through a multi-step differentiation process generating both the mature GP cartilage, which controls skeletal growth during early and adolescent development, and the permanent articular cartilage (AC) found at the joint surface of all long bones.The processes of chondrogenesis and endochondral bone formation are not restricted to the developing skeletal system. In fact, following stress-related injuries, such as fractures of endochondral bone, the developmental programs of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte proliferation, maturation, hypertrophy, and terminal differentiation are reinitiated at the site of injury. Additionally, stress-related cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) also have marked effects on the differentiation and maintenance of AC during adult life. This is why much attention has been paid to studying the cellular and molecular mechanism...

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“…18 Lead affects chondrocytes and collagen maturation adversely. 4,5,[19][20][21][22][23] Collagen Type II (the main collagen in chondrocytes) and X, glycosaminoglycans in joint surfaces and transforming growth factor-β (suppressor of metalloproteinases) are shown to be the targets of lead toxicity. [19][20][21] Lead inhibits chondrocyte function by altering 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, [12][13][14] parathyroid hormone-related peptide, transforming growth factor-β, and activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-κB signaling in chondrocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic measurement of the femoral cartilage thickness in patients with occupational lead exposure

Yıldızgören

Baki

Kara

et al. 2014

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The objective of the present study is to compare distal femoral cartilage thicknesses of patients with occupational lead exposure with those of healthy subjects by using ultrasonography. A total of 48 male workers (a mean age of 34.8±6.8 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.8±3.1 kg/m(2)) with a likely history of occupational lead exposure and age- and BMI-matched healthy male subjects were enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, that is, age, weight, height, occupation, estimated duration of lead exposure, and smoking habits were recorded. Femoral cartilage thickness was assessed from the midpoints of right medial condyle (RMC), right lateral condyle (RLC), right intercondylar area (RIA), left medial condyle (LMC), left lateral condyle (LLC), and left intercondylar area (LIA) by using ultrasonography. Although the workers had higher femoral cartilage thickness values at all measurement sites when compared with those of the control subjects, the difference reached statistical significance at RLC (P=0.010), LMC (P=0.001), and LIA (P=0.039). There were no correlations between clinical parameters and cartilage-thickness values of the workers. Subjects with a history of lead exposure had higher femoral cartilage thickness as compared with the healthy subjects. Further studies, including histological evaluations, are awaited to clarify the clinical relevance of this increase in cartilage thickness and to explore the long-term follow-up especially with respect to osteoarthritis development.

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Effects of Lead on Growth Plate Chondrocyte Phenotype

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Montmorillonite Superfine Composite on Growth Performance and Tissue Lead Level in Pigs

Effect of Montmorillonite Superfine Composite on Growth Performance and Tissue Lead Level in Pigs

Regulation of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation by stress

Ultrasonographic measurement of the femoral cartilage thickness in patients with occupational lead exposure

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