Effects of Lead on the Morphology and Structure of the Nucleolus in the Root Tip Meristematic Cells of Allium cepa L.

Jiang, Ze; Zhang, Huaning; Qin, Rong; Zou, Jinhua; Wang, Junran; Shi, Qiuyue; Jiang, Wusheng; Liu, Donghua

doi:10.3390/ijms150813406

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Later, the 'Al-structure' phenomenon was confirmed by Liu & Jiang (1991) using the silver staining technique for the first time. After that, we found that besides Al, some heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Co, Mg and Hg could also affect nucleoli and induce the phenomenon mentioned above in Allium cepa, A. sativum, Vicia faba and Zea mays (Liu et al 1995, Jiang & Liu 2000, Liu et al 2003, 2004, Qin et al 2013a, Jiang et al, 2014, but the amounts of extruded materials were less than in the Al treatment. The Cd-induced phenomena observed in this investigation were that some tiny particles containing argyrophilic proteins were scattered in the nucleus of root tip cells and leached out from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The evidence from indirect immunofluorescent microscopy demonstrate that fibrillarin and nucleolin are also migrated from the nucleoli to the nucleoplasm or to cytoplasm in the root tip cells of Allium cepa and Hordeum vulgare under Al, Pb and Cu stress, which is consistent with the phenomena obtained from silver staining method. (Qin et al 2013b, Jiang et al 2014, Wang et al 2015. Data here revealed that the two NPs were localized in nucleoli in the untreated root tips of H. vulgare.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of cadmium on nucleolus in root tips of Hordeum vulgare

et al. 2017

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Background: Hordeum vulgare is an economically important crop that is consumed in large quantities in the world. In a previous investigation, we found that cadmium (Cd) could induce some nucleolar materials containing the argyrophilic proteins scattered in the nuclei and located in the cytoplasm in the root tip cells of H. vulgare. However, what kinds of nucleolar proteins are affected has not been reported. In order to further confirm the cytological effects of Cd on nucleolus and nucleolar proteins, alterations in the cellular localization and expression of two major nucleolar proteins: fibrillarin and nucleolin in the root tips of H. vulgare were studied in the present investigation. Methods: Cytological effects of Cd on nucleolus were observed by silver-staining method and two nucleolarproteins: nucleolin and fibrillarin were observed and analyzed by means of indirect immunofluorescent microscopy and western blotting. Results:Results from the present investigation demonstrated that under Cd stress (cadmium chloride at 50 and 100 μM), Cd could disturb the nucleolar cycle with the extrusion of silver-stained materials containing argyrophilic proteins from the nucleolus into the cytoplasm. Nucleolar material containing nucleolin and fibrillarin and their movement into the cytoplasm following Cd stress was detected with indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Western blotting revealed higher expression of these two major nucleoproteins in Cd-treated roots, which was consistent with the results obtained by indirect immunofluorescence. Conclusion:The findings of the present study confirm that Cd can have toxic effects on nucleolus and affect the expression of nucleolar proteins, nucleolin and fibrillarin. The data obtained here can provide valuable information for monitoring and forecast early effects of exposure to Cd in polluted environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cadmium on nucleolus in root tips of Hordeum vulgare

et al. 2017

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“…Pb has no metabolic role in the growth of plants (Herbette et al 2006); however, various adverse effects, such as the inhibition of seed germination, chlorosis, and stunted plant growth, have been reported in Pb-stressed plants (Ghelich et al 2014;Jiang et al 2014). Adverse effects were also detected at the molecular level (Ghelich et al 2014;Jiang et al 2014;Malar et al 2014;Wang et al 2013) where they caused the homeostasis of the inner and outer environments of a cell to be broken, leading to cellular dysfunction (Sharma et al 2014;Xu et al 2014). Even a small amount of Pb can be toxic or lethal to plants (Islam et al 2008;Shu et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy metals also affect plant development either by depositing on the surfaces of plants or by entering the plant cells (Ernst et al 1983;Jordao et al 2006). Heavy metal contaminants arise mainly from anthropogenic activities, such as the unsystematic use of pesticides, discharge of untreated industrial wastes and effluents, illegal solid waste disposal and dumping, high burning rate of fossil fuels, and mining (Jiang et al 2014;Salt et al 1995;Shen et al 2013;Wang et al 2013). Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal that is stably persistent in soil and is easily taken up by plants but is hard to degrade (Chen et al 2000;Kanwal et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detoxification strategies and regulation of oxygen production and flowering of Platanus acerifolia under lead (Pb) stress by transcriptome analysis

Wang

Yang²,

Liu³

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Toxic metal pollution is a major environmental problem that has received wide attention. Platanus acerifolia (London plane tree) is an important greening tree species that can adapt to environmental pollution. The genetic basis and molecular mechanisms associated with the ability of P. acerifolia to respond lead (Pb) stress have not been reported so far. In this study, 16,246 unigenes differentially expressed unigenes that were obtained from P. acerifolia under Pb stress using next-generation sequencing. Essential pathways such as photosynthesis, and gibberellins and glutathione metabolism were enriched among the differentially expressed unigenes. Furthermore, many important unigenes, including antioxidant enzymes, plants chelate compounds, and metal transporters involved in defense and detoxification mechanisms, were differentially expressed in response to Pb stress. The unigenes encoding the oxygen-evolving enhancer Psb and OEE protein families were downregulated in Pb-stressed plants, implying that oxygen production might decrease in plants under Pb stress. The relationship between gibberellin and P. acerifolia flowering is also discussed. The information and new insights obtained in this study will contribute to further investigations into the molecular regulation mechanisms of Pb accumulation and tolerance in greening tree species.

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“…Lead toxicity to plants has been widely investigated (Jiang et al, 2014;Cha-Um et al, 2009;Sharma et al, 2005). Pb is not an essential element for plants, but it can be absorbed by the roots of crop and transported to shoots, and enter the food chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas exchange, photosystem II photochemistry, and the antioxidant system of longan plant (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) leaves in response to lead (Pb) stress

Wang¹,

Li²,

Ma³

et al. 2016

Plant Omics

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Longan is one of the most important subtropical fruit trees and a famous special product in south China. Increased fruit demand brings longan cultivation to Pb-affected regions. Seedlings of longan (cv. Wulongling) in pots with sands were irrigated daily for 30 d with a freshly prepared nutrient solution containing different concentrations of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (0, 100 , 200 , 400 , 600 , 800 and 1000 mg L -1 ) to determine physiological and biochemical responses of longan seedlings to various levels of lead (Pb). The results indicated that Pb stress substantially inhibited the growth of longan plants and markedly declined in their dry biomass. However, when the plants were grown at 100 mg L -1 Pb, the growth and dry biomass of the plants showed no significant difference from control. In addition, the chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange parameters were correlated with the growth and yield response. Pb treatments increased the minimum fluorescence (Fo) and caused a decrease in maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), trapped energy flux per cross section (CS) at t=0 (TRo/CSo), electron transport flux per CS at t=0 (ETo/CSo), dissipated energy flux per CS at t=0(DIo/CSo), and the amount of active PSII reaction centers (RCs) per CS at t = 0 (RC/CSo). Furthermore, Pb stress led to decreases in the protein contents, the activity of peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and the accumulation of proline and malondialdehyde (MDA), and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), whereas catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX,EC 1.11.1.11) were enhanced at low Pb levels and decreased under high Pb stress. Nonetheless, these changes were closely related to the severity of the Pb stress.

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Effects of Lead on the Morphology and Structure of the Nucleolus in the Root Tip Meristematic Cells of Allium cepa L.

Cited by 23 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of cadmium on nucleolus in root tips of Hordeum vulgare

Effects of cadmium on nucleolus in root tips of Hordeum vulgare

Detoxification strategies and regulation of oxygen production and flowering of Platanus acerifolia under lead (Pb) stress by transcriptome analysis

Gas exchange, photosystem II photochemistry, and the antioxidant system of longan plant (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) leaves in response to lead (Pb) stress

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