Effects of length and content of natural cellulose fiber on the mechanical behaviors of phenol formaldehyde composites

Das, M. Chrispin; Athijayamani, A.; Geethan, K. Arun Vasantha; Santhosh, D.; Singh, Sukhjinder

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.111

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…The increasing rise of industrial and socioeconomic advancements necessitates greater utilization of accessible materials with desired qualities. Composite materials have emerged in the modern period due to their strength, stiffness, density, cheaper cost, and enhanced sustainability (Abou‐Zeid et al., 2015; Chrispin Das et al., 2021; Prabhuram et al., 2021). Despite the introduction of synthetic fibers, fiber‐producing plants are still very significant and are increasingly gaining commercial importance in the industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of e‐waste materials as filler in the flax woven fiber reinforced polymer composite for a sustainable environment

Raj,

Durairaj,

Ananth

et al. 2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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The main aim of the present investigation is to fabricate waste printed circuit board (WPCB) particles and woven bidirectional flax fiber mat reinforced polymer matrix composite through a hand layup technique followed by vacuum bagging technique and examine its mechanical properties using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM), compression testing machine, and Shore D hardness tester. The WPCB particles with weight percentages of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 were used as reinforcement along with five layers of flax fiber mat to improve the adhesion behavior of epoxy resin with reinforcements and thereby improve the properties. The XRF (X‐ray fluorescence) investigation of the prepared WPCB particles confirmed the existence of various toxic elements in the processed printed circuit board (PCB). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the presence of WPCB particles in the composite, along with flax fiber and resin. The tensile, compression, impact test shows that that the 15 wt.% WPCB particles reinforced flax fiber polymer composite gave betters properties, and the reduction of properties was seen thereafter. The percentage of water absorption increased with the weight percentage of the WPCB particles from 0% to 20%. Results indicate that the biodegradable flax fiber composites impregnated with WPCB filler can be utilized for many engineering and domestic applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of e‐waste materials as filler in the flax woven fiber reinforced polymer composite for a sustainable environment

Raj,

Durairaj,

Ananth

et al. 2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Insight Understanding the Replacement Effect of Enzymatic‐Hydrolysis Residue Instead of Phenol for Preparing Phenol‐Formaldehyde Adhesive

Peng,

Cárdenas‐Oscanoa,

Dong

et al. 2024

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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In order to valorize the enzymatic hydrolysis residues (EHR) from the bioethanol industry, this work studies the effects on the structure, properties as well as shear resistance of EHR‐based phenol formaldehyde (EPF) adhesives prepared from EHR instead of commercial phenol. 2D heteronuclear signal quantum coherence NMR (2D HSQC NMR) and 31P NMR analysis reveal that lignin in EHR (EHL) possesses a high amount of G and H units which contain 1.9 mmol g−1 active sites (reaction site with formaldehyde). Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) characterization shows that the instead proportions of EHR with 5–30% in EPF adhesives do not show great influence on the chemical structure type and main functional groups of the prepared adhesives. The shear strength measurement results show that the strength of the 10%‐EPF adhesive is significantly improved by 29% compared to phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) adhesive, which is due to EHL in adhesives enhanced the cross‐linking of polymer chains. This work emphasizes the potential benefits of using industrial EHR to develop cost‐effective phenol formaldehyde adhesive preparation schemes, therefore giving an additional value to waste from biorefineries.

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Development and mechanical characterization of jute fibre and multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced unsaturated polyester resin composite

Prabhuram,

Prathap Singh,

Elil Raja

et al. 2023

Materials Today: Proceedings

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Effects of length and content of natural cellulose fiber on the mechanical behaviors of phenol formaldehyde composites

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of e‐waste materials as filler in the flax woven fiber reinforced polymer composite for a sustainable environment

Effect of e‐waste materials as filler in the flax woven fiber reinforced polymer composite for a sustainable environment

Insight Understanding the Replacement Effect of Enzymatic‐Hydrolysis Residue Instead of Phenol for Preparing Phenol‐Formaldehyde Adhesive

Development and mechanical characterization of jute fibre and multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced unsaturated polyester resin composite

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