Effects of Leontice leontopetalum and Bongardia chrysogonum on oxidative stress and neuroprotection in PTZ kindling epilepsy in rats

Abstract

We investigated the effects of Leontice leontopetalum and Bongardia chrysogonum on apoptosis, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA A ) receptor positive cell number, cyclin-B1 and bcl-2 levels and oxidative stress in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling in rats. Kindling was produced by subconvulsant doses of PTZ treatments in rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups; Control, PTZ treated (PTZ), PTZ+L. leontopetalum extract treated (PTZ+LLE) and PTZ+B. chrysogonum extract treated (PTZ+BCE) groups. Extracts were given a dose (200 mg/kg) 2h before each PTZ injection. PTZ treatment significantly decreased the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and bcl-2 levels and increased the total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), cyclin B1, oxidative stress index (OSI) and number of neurons that expressed GABA A receptors when compared to the control. LLE and BCE possessed antioxidant activity in the brain and ameliorated PTZ induced oxidative stress, decreased cyclin-B1, increased bcl-2 levels, and kept the GABA A receptor number similar to that of the control despite the PTZ application.

Taxifolin as a novel therapeutic agent for epileptic seizures induced by caffeine-induced oxidative stress in rats

“…Nonetheless, a study reported increased TOS and OSI values in parallel with elevated MDA levels in a rat model of pentetrazol-induced epilepsy. 44 Consistent with the literature, our findings showed high MDA, TOS and OSI levels in the epilepsy group.…”

Protective Effects of Intranasally Administrated Oxytocin-Loaded Nanoparticles on Pentylenetetrazole-Kindling Epilepsy in Terms of Seizure Severity, Memory, Neurogenesis, and Neuronal Damage

“…Therefore, PTZ dissolved in sterile 0.9% saline (NaCl) was injected into the animals of PTZ, PTZ + OT, and PTZ + NP-OT groups intraperitoneally for every 48 h. Similar to PTZ groups, all Ctrl groups were only injected with sterile saline. 66 Video recordings were taken following 20 min of the PTZ injections for the observation of the animals' behavior. Recordings of the observation period were used to score the seizures of the animals using Racine's scale revised for PTZ-kindling rats.…”

“…Grading subconvulsive PTZ (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, Cat# P6500) doses, which were 35 mg/kg from first injections, 37.5 mg/kg from second injections, and 40 mg/kg from third injections, were given to all PTZ groups. Therefore, PTZ dissolved in sterile 0.9% saline (NaCl) was injected into the animals of PTZ, PTZ + OT, and PTZ + NP-OT groups intraperitoneally for every 48 h. Similar to PTZ groups, all Ctrl groups were only injected with sterile saline …”

Neuroprotective efficacy of Marsilea quadrifolia leaf extract against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in rat model of epilepsy.

“…Monoamines are the major neuromodulators that contribute to seizure susceptibility and comorbid psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy (Svob Strac et al, 2016). Alternations in central monoamines have been reported in animals (Ergul Erkec et al, 2018) and human epileptic brain (Avoli et al, 2005; Naffah-Mazzacoratti et al, 1996) and increased monoamines and metabolite levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (Szabó et al, 2015). The elevated levels of noradrenaline (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and dopamine (DA) metabolites during epilepsy may represent an epiphenomenon, rather than a concerted strategy of local or distal neurons to contain an epileptogenic focus (Kurian et al, 2011).…”