Effects of leucine-rich protein supplements on anthropometric parameter and muscle strength in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Komar, B.; Schwingshackl, Lukas; Hoffmann, Georg

doi:10.1007/s12603-014-0559-4

Cited by 135 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In addition, when a difference is evidenced in an older adult, should alert of possible osteoporosis (21, 10, 3, 11) and may point to the fact that the BMI (and other body composition parameters) should be calculated with the estimated value rather than with the measured one, because of overestimation of obesity (or missing low weight) in older adults or misclassification that could lead to restrictive diets (22) or other treatments (23). Testing this difference in clinical setting and research could also help in advancing the field of so-called osteo-sarcopenia (24), giving a practical measurement that could be added to calf circumference measurement (25) to test this problem in every-day care; however this is still to be clarified in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of knee-estimated height to assess standing height in older adults: A secondary longitudinal analysis of the Mexican health and aging study

García-Peña

Pérez‐Zepeda

2017

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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Objective The main objective was to test the validity of height estimated by knee height in Mexican older adults, as a surrogate for standing height. Design Cohort study. Setting Data were drawn from the first and third waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Participants Included participants were community-dwelling 50-year or older adults with measured height at baseline and in follow-up. Subjects with a lower limb fracture in the follow-up were excluded. Measurements Main measurements were baseline standing height and 11-year follow-up and knee-estimated height in follow-up. Population specific equations were used to estimate standing height from knee height. Comparisons between baseline standing height and knee-derived height were done with simple correlations, limits of agreement (Bland-Altman plot) and Deming regressions. Results A total of 136 50-year or older adults were followed-up for eleven years, with a mean age of 60. There was a positive correlation between knee-estimated height and baseline standing height of 0.895 (p<0.001) for men and of 0.845 (p<0.001) for women. Limits of agreement for men were from −6.95cm to 7.09cm and for women from −6.58cm to 8.44cm. Conclusion According to our results, knee-estimated height could be used interchangeably with standing height in Mexican older adults, and these results might apply also to other populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of knee-estimated height to assess standing height in older adults: A secondary longitudinal analysis of the Mexican health and aging study

García-Peña

Pérez‐Zepeda

2017

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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“…[22] Consistent with recent reviews,[23,24] we also used 1.0 g/kg body weight as the cutoff for meeting protein recommendations, but there were no substantive differences with respect to associations with body composition measures. Trials administering protein supplements enriched in specific amino acids, such as leucine [25] and cysteine[26], suggest focusing on the protein quality as well as quantity may be important in future work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is meeting the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein related to body composition among older adults?: Results from the Cardiovascular Health of Seniors and Built Environment Study

Beasley

Deierlein²,

Morland³

et al. 2016

J Nutr Health Aging

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Objective Studies suggest protein intake may be associated with lower body weight, but protein has also been associated with preservation of lean body mass. Understanding the role of protein in maintaining health for older adults is important for disease prevention among this population. Design Cross-sectional study of the relationship of dietary protein on body composition. Setting New York City community centers Participants 1,011 Black, White, and Latino urban men and women 60-99 years of age Measurements Protein intake was assessed using two interviewer-administered 24-hour recalls, and body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of fat mass (kg) (FM), fat free mass (kg) (FFM), and impedance resistance (Ohms). Statistical Analysis Indices of FM and FFM were calculated by dividing BIA measurements by height squared (m2), and percent FFM was calculated by dividing FFM by the sum of FM and FFM. Log linear models adjusting for age (continuous), race/ethnicity, education, physical activity (dichotomized at the median), hypertension, diabetes, and total calories (continuous). Results Just 33% of women and 50% of men reported meeting the RDA for protein. Both fat free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) were negatively associated with meeting the RDA for protein (Women: FFMI -1.78 95%CI [-2.24, -1.33], FMI -4.12 95% CI[-4.82, -3.42] Men: FFMI -1.62 95% CI [-2.32, -0.93] FMI -1.80 95% CI [-2.70, -0.89]).After accounting for confounders, women and men consuming at least 0.8 g/kg/day had a 6.2% (95% CI: 5.0%, 7.4%) and a 3.2% (95% CI 1.1%, 5.3%) higher percent fat free mass, respectively. Conclusions FFM, FFMI, FM, and FMI were inversely related to meeting the RDA for protein. Meeting the RDA for protein of at least 0.8g/kg/day was associated with a higher percentage of fat free mass among older adults. These results suggest meeting the protein recommendations of at least 0.8 g/kg/day may help to promote lower overall body mass, primarily through loss of fat mass rather than lean mass.

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“…The long-term effect of leucine supplementation on body composition has been assessed largely in selected physiological conditions such as exercise, malnutrition, or aging, all situations where protein metabolism is challenged, and both positive and no effects have been reported (5,14,27,37,71,80). A recent meta-analysis concluded that leucine supplementation exerts beneficial effects on body weight and lean body mass in older persons already prone to sarcopenia (49). Beneficial effects on lean body mass and/or muscle mass in rats (11) and humans (7,24) have also been reported with supplementation of leucineenriched amino acid mixtures.…”

Section: E706 Leucine Pulses Increase Lean Gain In Neonatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsatile delivery of a leucine supplement during long-term continuous enteral feeding enhances lean growth in term neonatal pigs

Boutry

El‐Kadi

Suryawan

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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TA. Pulsatile delivery of a leucine supplement during long-term continuous enteral feeding enhances lean growth in term neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 310: E699 -E713, 2016. First published February 16, 2016 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00479.2015.-Neonatal pigs are used as a model to study and optimize the clinical treatment of infants who are unable to maintain oral feeding. Using this model, we have shown previously that pulsatile administration of leucine during continuous feeding over 24 h via orogastric tube enhanced protein synthesis in skeletal muscle compared with continuous feeding alone. To determine the long-term effects of leucine pulses, neonatal piglets (n ϭ 11-12/group) were continuously fed formula via orogastric tube for 21 days, with an additional parenteral infusion of either leucine (CON ϩ LEU; 800 mol·kg Ϫ1 ·h Ϫ1 ) or alanine (CON ϩ ALA) for 1 h every 4 h. The results show that body and muscle weights and lean gain were ϳ25% greater, and fat gain was 48% lower in CON ϩ LEU than CON ϩ ALA; weights of other tissues were unaffected by treatment. Fractional protein synthesis rates in longissimus dorsi, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles were ϳ30% higher in CON ϩ LEU compared with CON ϩ ALA and were associated with decreased Deptor abundance and increased mTORC1, mTORC2, 4E-BP1, and S6K1 phosphorylation, SNAT2 abundance, and association of eIF4E with eIF4G and RagC with mTOR. There were no treatment effects on PKB, eIF2␣, eEF2, or PRAS40 phosphorylation, Rheb, SLC38A9, v-ATPase, LAMTOR1, LAMTOR2, RagA, RagC, and LAT1 abundance, the proportion of polysomes to nonpolysomes, or the proportion of mRNAs encoding rpS4 or rpS8 associated with polysomes. Our results demonstrate that pulsatile delivery of a leucine supplement during 21 days of continuous enteral feeding enhances lean growth by stimulating the mTORC1-dependent translation initiation pathway, leading to protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonates. leucine; growth; protein metabolism; orogastric feeding; infant GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT DURING CHILDHOOD is the traditional measure of overall nutritional status. Poor growth in early infancy is associated with increased risk for adverse long-term health outcomes, including programming of obesity (63

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Effects of leucine-rich protein supplements on anthropometric parameter and muscle strength in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 135 publications

References 64 publications

Validity of knee-estimated height to assess standing height in older adults: A secondary longitudinal analysis of the Mexican health and aging study

Validity of knee-estimated height to assess standing height in older adults: A secondary longitudinal analysis of the Mexican health and aging study

Is meeting the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein related to body composition among older adults?: Results from the Cardiovascular Health of Seniors and Built Environment Study

Pulsatile delivery of a leucine supplement during long-term continuous enteral feeding enhances lean growth in term neonatal pigs

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