Effects of level and type of energy source (volatile fatty acids or glucose) on milk yield, composition and coagulating properties in dairy cows

Hurtaud, Catherine; Rulquin, Henri; Vérité, R.

doi:10.1051/rnd:19980312

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Concerning plasma NEFA levels, 13 [9, [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] out of 15 studies found an increase after feeding extra lipogenic nutrients. In contrast to studies where extra glycogenic nutrients were fed, 13 [60,61,66,[68][69][70][71][72][73] out of 14 reported studies found a decrease in plasma NEFA levels. Plasma BHBA levels increased after feeding extra lipogenic nutrients in five out of eight studies [68,69,74,75].…”

Section: Effect Of Lipogenic and Glycogenic Nutrients On Blood Metabomentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In contrast to studies where extra glycogenic nutrients were fed, 13 [60,61,66,[68][69][70][71][72][73] out of 14 reported studies found a decrease in plasma NEFA levels. Plasma BHBA levels increased after feeding extra lipogenic nutrients in five out of eight studies [68,69,74,75]. Extra glycogenic nutrients were related to a decrease in plasma BHBA levels in eight out of nine reported studies [61,69,70,72,74,76].…”

Section: Effect Of Lipogenic and Glycogenic Nutrients On Blood Metabomentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Apart from an increase due to higher dietary fat content [69,74,75], plasma BHBA were also elevated with increasing dietary forage level [75]. Ruppert et al [68] found no increase in BHBA, as an indicator of NEB, when fat was added to a corn silage diet, in contrast to an alfalfa silage diet.…”

Section: Effect Of Lipogenic and Glycogenic Nutrients On Blood Metabomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma BHBA levels increased after feeding extra lipogenic nutrients in five out of eight studies [68,69,74,75]. Extra glycogenic nutrients were related to a decrease in plasma BHBA levels in eight out of nine reported studies [61,69,70,72,74,76]. Plasma glucose (10 out of 13 studies) and insulin (6 out of 9 studies) concentrations were decreased after feeding extra lipogenic nutrients and in almost all cases increased after feeding extra glycogenic nutrients (glucose 13 out of 14 studies; insulin 7 out of 8 studies) [8, 9, 60, 61, 64, 66-68, 70-72, 74, 76, 77].…”

Section: Effect Of Lipogenic and Glycogenic Nutrients On Blood Metabomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the negative effect of extra lipogenic sources on dry matter intake is higher when the degree of saturation of fatty acids is lower, probably because of the more pronounced negative effects of unsaturated fatty acids on rumen carbohydrate fermentation. As a result, 73% of the studies on feeding extra lipogenic nutrients [15,61,63,65,75,100,101,104,106] and also 73% of the studies on increasing dietary glycogenic nutrients [61,[69][70][71][72]117] obtained a higher net energy (NE) intake in the treatment group compared to the control group, illustrated by Figure 4 shows an overview of studies that reported milk yield and composition after feeding either more glycogenic nutrients or lipogenic nutrients. Both feeding extra lipogenic nutrients or glycogenic nutrients had similar effects on kg of milk produced per day [8, 15, 60-72, 75, 77, 78, 82, 99-104, 106, 107, 110, 111, 115-122] …”

Section: Effect Of Lipogenic and Glycogenic Nutrients On Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The pathway for oxidation of energy involves a balanced oxidation of C2 and C3 compounds. During early lactation in dairy cattle this C2/C3 ratio is out of balance, due to a high availability of lipogenic (C2) products and a low availability of glycogenic (C3) products relative of the C2 and C3 products required for milk production. This review compares studies which manipulated dietary energy source and shows that dietary energy source can affect the balance of the C2/C3 ratio, as indicated by plasma NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and glucose levels. It is shown that glycogenic nutrients increase glucose and insulin concentrations and decrease NEFA and BHBA plasma levels. Extra lipogenic nutrients elevate NEFA and BHBA and decrease plasma glucose concentrations. Lipogenic nutrients generally increase milk fat percentage and decrease milk protein percentage, suggesting a surplus of C2 compounds. The inverse is the case for feeding extra glycogenic nutrients, implying reduced deamination and oxidation of glycogenic amino acids. Feeding extra glycogenic nutrients improved the energy balance (EB), in contrast to ambiguous results of lipogenic nutrients on EB. Moreover, glycogenic feed may reduce the severity of ketosis and fatty liver, but increased the incidence of (sub)clinical acidosis. Since studies are scarce, it seems difficult to draw conclusions on the effects of dietary energy source on reproduction. However, lipogenic nutrients decrease glucose and increase NEFA and BHBA plasma levels. High plasma NEFA and BHBA and low plasma glucose levels are associated with decreased reproductive performance, which might imply the C2/C3 compound balance to be important for reproductive function.lipogenic nutrients / glycogenic nutrients / reproduction / energy metabolism

show abstract

Section: Effect Of Lipogenic and Glycogenic Nutrients On Blood Metabomentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Effect Of Lipogenic and Glycogenic Nutrients On Blood Metabomentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Effect Of Lipogenic and Glycogenic Nutrients On Blood Metabomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Lipogenic and Glycogenic Nutrients On Blood Metabomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Lipogenic and Glycogenic Nutrients On Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Manipulation of milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows: Opportunities and challenges

Kliem

Shingfield

2016

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Public health policies recommend a population wide decrease in the consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to lower the incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In most developed countries, milk and dairy products are the major source of SFA in the human diet. Altering milk fat composition offers the opportunity to lower the consumption of SFA without requiring a change in eating habits. Supplementing the diet of lactating cows with oilseeds, plant oils and marine lipids can be used to replace the SFA in milk fat with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and to a lesser extent, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Due to ruminal metabolism, the decreases in milk SFA are also accompanied by increases in trans fatty acids (TFA), including conjugated isomers. The potential to lower SFA, enrich cis MUFA and PUFA, and alter the abundance and distribution of individual TFA in milk differs according to oil source, form of lipid supplement and degree of oilseed processing, and the influence of other components in the diet. The present review summarises recent evidence on changes in milk fat composition that can be achieved using dietary lipid supplements and highlights the challenges to commercial production of modified milk and dairy products. A meta‐analysis on the effects of oilseeds on milk fatty acid composition is also presented. Practical applications: Milk and dairy products are the major source of SFA in the diet in most developed countries. Including oilseeds, plant oils, and to a lesser extent, marine lipids in the diet of lactating cows can replace SFA with MUFA and PUFA in milk offering a mechanism to lower SFA consumption in human populations. Understanding the sources of variation in milk fat composition responses, and adjusting other ingredients in the diet to accommodate lipid supplements offers the opportunity to consistently produce milk with an altered fatty acid composition. However, commercialisation of dedicated supply chains will depend on whether the added costs of production and segregation of modified milk for processing can be recovered at retail. Dairy products are the major source of saturated fatty acids in diets of developed countries. There are various dietary strategies that can be employed at the dairy cow level to alter milk fat fatty acid composition, but it is important to understand variations in cow response to these interventions to consistently produce milk with altered fatty acid composition.

show abstract

Caloric stress alters fat characteristics and Hsp70 expression in milk somatic cells of lactating beef cows

Eitam

Brosh²,

Orlov³

et al. 2009

Cell Stress and Chaperones

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Selection for higher production rate in cattle inhabiting challenging habitats may be considered disadvantageous because of possible deleterious effects on immunity and reproduction and, consequently, on calf crop percentage. In Israel, free-grazing high productive beef cows experience reduction in nutritional quality of forage during up to 8 months of the year. As milk production by dams dictates calf performance, dam's nutritional needs and rebreeding rates, the aim of the present study was to test how lactating beef cows deal with combined caloric and protein stress both at the productive and self protective levels. For this purpose, we studied the effect of long-term caloric stress on milk characteristics and gene expression of stress and milk components producing proteins. Lactating dams responded to caloric stress by decreased body weight, milk, and milk protein production. To compensate for total energy loses in milk, they produced milk of higher fat concentration and shifted the proportions of its fatty acids towards long and unsaturated ones. This was reflected by increased mRNA transcription of the fatty acid binding protein. Prolonged low-energy diet promoted cell-specific heat shock protein (Hsp) response; whereas significant increase of Hsp90 but unchanged levels of Hsp70 proteins were observed in white blood cells, the expression of Hsp70 in milk somatic cells was markedly attenuated, in parallel with a marked increase of α s1 -casein expression. At the mammary gland level, these results may indicate a decrease in turnover of proteins and a shift to an exclusive expression of milk components producing factors. Similar responses to caloric stress were revealed also in ketotic dairy cows. Ketosis promoted a shift towards long and unsaturated fatty acids and an increased expression of α s1 -casein in milk somatic cells. These findings may reflect an evolutionary-preserved mechanism in lactating cows for coping with caloric restriction. Overall, our results provide an index to test suitability of beef cattle breeds to inadequate caloric demands.

show abstract

Effects of level and type of energy source (volatile fatty acids or glucose) on milk yield, composition and coagulating properties in dairy cows

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle

Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle

Manipulation of milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows: Opportunities and challenges

Caloric stress alters fat characteristics and Hsp70 expression in milk somatic cells of lactating beef cows

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About