Effects of Levels and Sources of Protein on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Steers Fed All-Concentrate Rations

Greathouse, G. A.; Schalles, R.R.; Brent, B.E.; Dayton, A. D.; Smith, E.F.

doi:10.2527/jas1974.391102x

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is unclear how these changes in total tract digestibility were partitioned within the gastrointestinal tract, although the soybean meal effect described earlier would be expected to exert its effect ruminally. The increase in N retention for 12.1% CP diets may be explained by the increase in nutrient availability owing to increased diet digestibility, resulting in increased energy and protein available for protein deposition at the tissue level (Greathouse et al 1974;Ludden et al 2002;Vasconcelos et al 2009). Other authors have also reported increased N retention and urinary N excretion with increasing N intake (Archibeque et al 2002;Wickersham et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of crude protein concentration and slow release urea on nitrogen metabolism in Holstein steers

Holder

El‐Kadi

Tricárico

et al. 2013

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of slow release urea (SRU) and its interaction with crude protein (CP) level in the diet on N metabolism in Holstein steers. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers (body weight 265 ± 18 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment structure. Treatment factors were the CP level in the diet, 10.9% versus 12.1% CP, and the non-protein nitrogen source used, urea versus SRU. Total collection of urine and faeces for 7 days allowed the estimation of N retention and diet digestibility. In addition, blood and rumen sampling allowed estimation of rumen fermentation and blood N profiles. Decreasing CP intake from 12.1% to 10.9% reduced urinary N output, but also reduced diet digestibility and N retention. When compared to urea, SRU did not alter N retention, but reduced ruminal ammonia and plasma urea concentrations. Although SRU did not improve N retention at either CP level, rumen ammonia and plasma urea concentrations were reduced, which may indicate that SRU may carry a lower risk for toxicity when compared to urea when fed at higher dietary concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of crude protein concentration and slow release urea on nitrogen metabolism in Holstein steers

Holder

El‐Kadi

Tricárico

et al. 2013

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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show abstract

“…Using urea as a supply of degradable intake N for ruminal bacteria is more economical than using an intact natural protein source such as soybean meal. Although urea provides no supplemental amino acids, performance of yearling cattle fed finishing diets containing either supplemental urea or other natural protein sources have shown no difference in DMI, daily gain, or feed efficiency (Clark et al, 1970;Greathouse et al, 1974;Plegge et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of degradable intake protein level on finishing cattle performance and ruminal metabolism.

Shain

Stock

Klopfenstein

et al. 1998

Journal of Animal Science

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Two finishing trials and a metabolism trial were conducted to evaluate level of supplemental degradable intake (crude) protein (DIP) in finishing diets on cattle performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal metabolism. Finishing trials were conducted in two consecutive years using 128 crossbred yearling steers (BW = 343+/-5 kg, Trial 1) and 176 crossbred yearling steers (BW = 375+/-4 kg, Trial 2) in a randomized complete block design. Steers were fed dry-rolled corn diets containing urea at 0, .88, 1.34, or 1.96% (DM basis). No differences in DMI, daily gain, or feed efficiency were noted among steers receiving diets containing supplemental urea. However, steers fed diets supplemented with urea were 5.4% more efficient (P < .01) and gained 6.6% faster (P < .01) than steers receiving no supplemental urea. Metabolizable protein (MP) content of all diets exceeded the steers' requirements. However, diets containing no urea were deficient in DIP. In the metabolism trial, four ruminally fistulated steers (BW = 380+/-22 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design and fed (ad libitum) diets similar to those used in the finishing trials. Nitrogen intake and ruminal ammonia N concentration increased linearly (P < .05) with increasing level of urea supplementation. Diets containing no supplemental urea were calculated to be deficient in DIP, resulting in reduced bacterial synthesis. Results indicate that dry-rolled corn finishing diets containing no supplemental N are deficient in ruminally degradable N. Supplementing these diets with an inexpensive source of ruminally degradable N improved animal performance. However, supplementation with urea above .88% was not beneficial.

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“…Similarly, Akhter et al (2017) reported improved dry matter conversion efficiency (58.53 to 10.00), protein conversion efficiency (4.39 to 0.92) and energetic efficiency (404.65 to 65.91 MJ MEI/kg body weight gain) on feeing nutrient dens (protein and energy) diet in crossbred (Indigenous x 50% Holstein Friesian) bull calves. In contrary to modern research, Previous works of Umunna et al (1980) revealed that increase in protein levels after a certain level declined the feed conversion and Greathouse et al (1974) reported higher rate of feed conversion due to rising of protein level without concurrent rising of energy value of diet. The feeding of high plan of nutrition (6% higher) to crossbred heifers resulted in significant higher intake of dry matter, total digestible nutrients, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract.…”

Section: Feed Conversion Efficiency and Economicsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Growth and Feed Conversion Efficiency as Influenced by High Plane of Nutrition in Crossbred Heifers

Lunagariya¹,

Shah²,

Hadiya³

et al. 2019

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Effects of Levels and Sources of Protein on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Steers Fed All-Concentrate Rations

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

The effects of crude protein concentration and slow release urea on nitrogen metabolism in Holstein steers

The effects of crude protein concentration and slow release urea on nitrogen metabolism in Holstein steers

Effect of degradable intake protein level on finishing cattle performance and ruminal metabolism.

Growth and Feed Conversion Efficiency as Influenced by High Plane of Nutrition in Crossbred Heifers

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