To further improve
the energy density and safety of Li-ion batteries
(LIBs), multifunctional electrolyte solvents are needed to replace
conventional carbonate solvents. In this study, a nonflammable fluorinated
ester, methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropionate (MTFP), is evaluated as an
electrolyte solvent for high-voltage Li batteries with the LiCoO2 positive electrode. A Li/LiCoO2 cell with an MTFP-based
electrolyte exhibits superior capacity retention compared with a cell
with a conventional carbonate-based electrolyte with a cutoff voltage
of 4.5 V. Moreover, the LiCoO2 composite electrode with
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and styrene-butadiene rubber as binders,
instead of the commonly used poly(vinylidene fluoride), can be cycled
in the MTFP-based electrolyte without capacity loss or increase in
polarization under high-voltage operation. The low-temperature performance
and thermal stability of the LiCoO2 electrode are also
improved by using the MTFP-based electrolyte. The analysis by X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy of the LiCoO2 electrode cycled
in the MTFP-based electrolyte suggests that a thin and uniform passivation
layer is formed on the electrode surface, resulting in excellent cyclability
and thermal stability for LiCoO2. The insights related
to nonflammable electrolytes contribute to the development of high-energy
LIBs without sacrificing safety.