Effects of Light and Turbidity on the Reactive Distance of Bluegill (<i>Lepomis macrochirus</i>)

Vinyard, Gary L.; O’Brien, W. John

doi:10.1139/f76-342

Cited by 391 publications

(306 citation statements)

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“…3) that the light flux in the basin waters will be several orders of magnitude lower in Lurefjorden, suggesting a severe reduction in the potential for visual feeding (Giske and Aksnes 1992; Aksnes and Giske 1993; Aksnes and Utne 1997). The importance of light flux and water optics for predator-prey relations has been well documented experimentally (Vinyard and O'Brien 1976;Wright and O'Brien 1984;Montgomery et al 1989;Gregory and Northcote 1993;Thetmeyer and Kils 1995;Utne 1997) and in the field (Kaartvedt 1996;Kaartvedt et al 1996). Hence, we cannot reject the hypothesis that a much higher light absorbance in the basin water of Lurefjorden (Figs.…”

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confidence: 78%

Fish or jellies—a question of visibility?

Eiane

Aksnes

Bagøien

et al. 1999

Limnology & Oceanography

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Light is an important limiting factor for the visual foraging process in fishes, and the light regime may potentially affect the competition between visual and tactile predators. We investigated two equal‐sized fjords of quite different pelagic food web structure. Earlier studies have revealed that the jellyfish Periphylla periphylla dominates Lurefjorden, while fish predators dominate in the other fjord, Masfjorden. Furthermore, the mesozooplankton stock of Lurefjorden is larger in both total biomass and size of the individuals. Hence, earlier hypotheses linking the competitive advantage of tactile gelatinous plankton predators to smaller sized mesozooplankton communities are unable to explain the present phenomenon. To see if the difference in the pelagic biota of the two fjords could be associated with characteristics of the light regime, we measured the light absorbance in the basin water of the two fjords. We found that, due to a slightly stronger influence of coastal water in the basin water of Lurefjorden, the exponential light absorbance coefficient below 100 m is two to three times higher there than in other fjords. This results in a reduction in light flux of several orders of magnitude, effectively reducing the possibility of visual foraging. The tactile mode of predation in jellyfish, however, is not influenced, and we hypothesize that the visibility regime has a decisive role in structuring the pelagic food webs of the two fjords.

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confidence: 78%

Fish or jellies—a question of visibility?

Eiane

Aksnes

Bagøien

et al. 1999

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Since decreasing baseline activity is often a response to stressors (Walls et al 1990;Schreck et al 1997), it is possible that novel assay conditions were stressful for fish. In turbid water, encounter rate with an organism's environment (e.g., habitat, conspecifics, prey) is likely decreased, since the visual range of fish in these environments is diminished (Vinyard and O'brien 1976;De Robertis et al 2003). By increasing activity in turbid water (as observed in turbid water developmental treatment fish), a fish could maintain a certain encounter rate with salient factors in its environment (Gerritsen and Strickler 1977), as has been observed in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Gregory and Northcote 1993), perch (Perca fluviatilis; Granqvist and Mattila 2004), and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua; Meager and Batty 2007).…”

Section: Behavior In Turbid Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental plasticity in vision and behavior may help guppies overcome increased turbidity

et al. 2015

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“…Fish can position themselves vertically in the water column based on light intensity and may remain at levels that exceed the 10 23 lux levels required for foraging (Bohl 1980). In eutrophic systems where light penetration is low, turbidity decreases the reactive distance of fish predators (Vinyard and O'Brien 1976;Sweka and Hartman 2003), potentially allowing zooplankton to reduce visual predation through migration to deeper waters. While the effectiveness of an optical refuge from visual predators has been hypothesized as discussed above, it has not been convincingly demonstrated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

Williamson

Fischer

Bollens

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

190

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The current prevailing theory of diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton is focused largely on two biotic drivers: food and predation. Yet recent evidence suggests that abiotic drivers such as damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation and temperature are also important. Here we integrate current knowledge on the effects of abiotic factors on DVM with the current biologically based paradigm to develop a more comprehensive framework for understanding DVM in zooplankton. We focus on ''normal'' (down during the day, up at night) DVM of holoplanktonic, primarily herbivorous zooplankton. This new transparency-regulator hypothesis differentiates between structural drivers, such as temperature and food, that vary little over a 24-h period and dynamic drivers, such as damaging UV radiation and visual predation, that show strong variation over a 24-h period. This hypothesis emphasizes the central role of water transparency in regulating these major drivers of DVM. In less transparent systems, temperature and food are often optimal in the surface waters, visual predators are abundant, and UV radiation levels are low. In contrast, in more transparent systems, vertical thermal gradients tend to be more gradual, food quality and quantity are higher in deeper waters, and visual predator abundance is often lower and damaging UV radiation higher in the surface waters. This transparency-regulator hypothesis provides a more versatile theoretical framework to explain variation in DVM across waters of differing transparency. This hypothesis also enables clearer predictions of how the wide range of ongoing transparency-altering local, regional, and global environmental changes can be expected to influence DVM patterns in both inland and oceanic waters of the world.Diel vertical migrations (DVM) of zooplankton in the world's lakes and oceans comprise some of the most widespread and massive migrations of animals on Earth. These striking migrations across strong vertical habitat gradients have inspired numerous ecological and evolutionary studies addressing mechanisms of habitat selection and consequences for species interactions. These migrations also have important implications for water quality and fisheries production as well as biogeochemical cycling. Natural and anthropogenic environmental changes, such as shifting local land use patterns and regional to global climate change, are altering water transparency and have the potential to affect DVM in lakes and oceans worldwide. The purpose of this article is to provide a common theoretical framework for understanding variation in the drivers of DVM across transparency gradients with a particular emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of the role of ultraviolet radiation (UV).Many environmental factors are recognized as providing both important proximate cues as well as ultimate consequences of adaptive significance for DVM, including light, temperature, food availability, and predation pressures (Table 1; Lampert 1989;Ringelberg 1993;Hays 2003). In spite of the wides...

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Effects of Light and Turbidity on the Reactive Distance of Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

Cited by 391 publications

References 0 publications

Fish or jellies—a question of visibility?

Fish or jellies—a question of visibility?

Developmental plasticity in vision and behavior may help guppies overcome increased turbidity

Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

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