Effects of Lignosulfonates on Callus Proliferation and Shoot Induction of Recalcitrant Indica Rice

Abstract

In vitro culture of recalcitrant indica rice cultivar through intervening callus is difficult due to long regeneration period. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the growth promoting effects of lignosulfonate (LS) on callus proliferation and shoot induction of Malaysian recalcitrant indica rice cv. MR219. LS is a by-product of wood industry, commonly used as a plant growth enhancer. Seed derived calli were proliferated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different ion-chelated LS (calcium LS: CaLS and sodium LS: NaLS) at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L. MS supplemented with 100 mg/L CaLS significantly increased the callus proliferation rate and adventitious root formation. In shoot induction study, both LSs did not enhance the shoot induction efficiency as compared to the control. However, the formation of albino shoot increased in MS fortified with 100 mg/L CaLS. Further chlorophyll and molecular analyses showed that, albino shoots induced from 100 mg/L CaLS had severe reduction in total chlorophyll content and expression of both chlorophyll-associated genes, chlorophyll a/b-binding protein 1 (OsCAB1R) and young seedling albino (OsYSA). Taken together, LS improves callus proliferation rate and modulate different physiological responses during plant growth of recalcitrant indica rice.

Pluronic F-68 Improves Callus Proliferation of Recalcitrant Rice Cultivar via Enhanced Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Nutrients Uptake

“…The recalcitrant property of indica rice cultivars has been one of the major obstacles in in vitro regeneration of MR 219, particularly poor callus induction and proliferation. Various attempts were made in order to improve in vitro regeneration of MR 219, such as the application of plant additives into the culture medium (Low et al, 2019 ). A recent study on the application of PF-68 has successfully improved a callus proliferation rate in MR 219 in the presence of plant hormones (Kok et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Subsequently, the seeds were washed with distilled water to remove remaining residues and allowed to be airdried on a sterilized filter paper. The sterilized seeds were then transferred onto previously established a callus induction medium, containing a Gamborg's B5 basal medium (Gamborg et al, 1968), supplemented with 10-g/L maltose, 0.1-g/L Lglutamine, 0.1-g/L L-asparagine, 0.1-g/L L-arginine, 10-mg/L 1naphthaleneacetic acid, and 1-mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, pH 5.8 for 2-week incubation in the dark at 25 ± 2 • C (Low et al, 2019). Subsequently, the calluses induced from the seed were transferred onto a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), containing 30-g/L sucrose without plant growth regulators (MSO), supplemented with PF-68 (0.04 and 0.10%; w/v) for 2-week incubation in the dark at 25 ± 2 • C. Callus cultured onto an MS medium without PF-68 supplementation was used as the experimental control.…”

Photosynthetic Nutrient and Water Use Efficiency of Cucumis sativus under Contrasting Soil Nutrient and Lignosulfonate Levels

“…As outlined in the Introduction we hypothesized that sodium LS application can improve soil nutrient availability and nutrient uptake by plants that, therefore, can positively affect the plant physiological traits. Our hypothesis was based on the early findings that LS can improve soil chemical conditions [ 9 , 10 ] and some physiological traits of plants [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. The agricultural application of LSs, as low-cost compounds, could be highly advantageous [ 6 , 10 , 11 ] and might promote the effective utilization of wastes of paper and pulp industry.…”

“…Recent studies have shown that LSs can be applied as a soil conditioner and chelate fertilizer [ 10 , 11 ], improving the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soils [ 12 , 13 ]. For plants, it was reported that LSs can enhance callus proliferation rate and adventitious root formation [ 14 ] and improve root activity [ 15 ]. The LS-related stimulation of plant growth was shown for some species [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], but the opposite effect has been also found.…”

Sodium Lignosulfonate Improves Shoot Growth of Oryza Sativa via Enhancement of Photosynthetic Activity and Reduction of Stress Response

“…Aside from agriculture application, several ion-chelated LS have also been used to enhance in vitro shoot and root growth of several plant species 7,10,11 . For instance, the incorporation of FeLS and CaLS in medium successfully enhanced growth performance of holly, ginseng and poplar 12 .…”