Effects of Lime and Wood Ash on Soil-solution Chemistry, Soil Chemistry and Nutritional Status of a Pine Stand in Northern Germany

Ludwig, Bernard; Rumpf, Sabine B.; Mindrup, M.; Meiwes, K. J.; Khanna, P.

doi:10.1080/028275802753742891

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Only the molar Ca/Al ratio in the current needles did not change within the investigated period. Similar results were obtained in a study from northern Germany, were no alterations in the concentrations of the elements of pine needles were observed (Ludwig et al, 2002). However, the needle chemistry of young trees might react significantly as seen in a field study with Norway spruce (Arvidsson and Lundkvist, 2003) or in a greenhouse study with European chestnut (Zysset et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…On the other hand, a fourfold decrease in the soil exchangeable fraction was observed for the elements Fe, Mn, Al, and Zn, even though about 40 kg ha −1 of Fe, Mn, and Al, and about 2 kg ha −1 of Zn were added with the wood ash. A similar decrease in the exchangeability has been observed by Ludwig et al (2002) for Fe, Mn, and Al after the application of 4,800 kg ha −1 ash. This indicates that these elements were displaced from the exchange sites (mainly Ca and Mg), and fell out in hydroxo-complexes due to the increased pH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The application of wood ash to forest ecosystems can alter the chemistry of soils (Arvidsson and Lundkvist, 2003;Bundt et al, 2001b;Eriksson, 1998;Rumpf et al, 2001), of soil solutions (Ludwig et al, 2002), of fine roots (Genenger et al 2003c), and of needles (Arvidsson and Lundkvist, 2002;Hallenbarter et al, 2002). Thus it can also potentially affect the indicators of soil acidification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Wood-ash recycling affects forest soil and tree fine-root chemistry and reverses soil acidification

et al. 2004

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Wood ash was applied to a forest ecosystem with the aim to recycle nutrients taken from the forest and to mitigate the negative effects of intensive harvesting. After two years, the application of 8,000 kg ha −1 of wood ash increased soil exchangeable Ca and Mg. Similarly, an increase in Ca and Mg in the Norway spruce fine roots was recorded, leading to significant linear correlations between soil and root Ca and soil and root Mg. In contrast to these macronutrients, the micronutrients Fe and Zn and the toxic element Al decreased in the soil exchangeable fraction with the addition of wood ash, but not in the fine roots. Only Mn decreased in soil and in fine roots leading to a significant linear correlation between soil and root Mn. In soil, as well as in fine roots, strong positive correlations were found between the elements Ca and Mg and between Fe and Al. This indicates that the uptake of Mg resembles that of Ca and that of Al that of Fe. With the wood ash application, the pH increased from 3.2 to 4.8, the base saturation from 30% to 86%, the molar basic cations/Al ratio (BC/Al) of the soil solution from 1.5 to 5.5, and the molar Ca/Al ratio of the fine roots from 1.3 to 3.7. Overall, all below-ground indicators of soil acidification responded positively to the wood ash application within two years. Nitrate concentrations increased only slightly in the soil solution at a soil depth of 75-80 cm, and no signs of increased heavy metal concentrations in the soils or in the fine roots were apparent. This suggests that the recycling of wood ash could be an integral part of sustainable forest management because it closes the nutrient cycle and reverses soil acidification.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Wood-ash recycling affects forest soil and tree fine-root chemistry and reverses soil acidification

et al. 2004

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“…In fact, a decrease in soil acidity and an increase in base saturation following the application of loose wood ash to forested mineral soils has been widely reported (Khanna et al 1994;Bramryd and Fransman et al 2001, 2005Ludwig et al 2002;Brunner et al 2004;Saarsalmi and Levula 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effects of wood ash and nitrogen fertilization on fine root biomass and soil and foliage nutrients in a Norway spruce stand in Finland

Helmisaari¹,

Saarsalmi²,

Kukkola³

2008

Plant Soil

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We determined the effects of wood ash fertilization, given together with nitrogen (WAN), and nitrogen given together with P, B and Cu (SSF), on soil and foliage nutrients and fine root biomass in a 45-year-old Norway spruce stand in southern Finland. Fine roots were sampled 9 years, and the soil 10 years after ash (3 t/ha) and nitrogen (150 kg/ha) application. Fine root biomass tended to be lower, the necromass higher, and the fine root distribution relatively deeper on the WAN than on the control and SSF plots. The response of fine root biomass to WAN was probably related to changes in soil acidity. pH, base saturation, total and extractable concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and P, and total B, Cd, Mn, Ni and Zn concentrations in the organic layer were significantly higher on the WAN plots than on the SSF and the control plots with no ash and nutrient addition. On the WAN plots, the pH was 1.2 pH-units higher, the exchangeable Ca concentrations fourfold and those of Mg over twofold compared to the control plots. WAN increased the concentrations of K but decreased those of Mn and Ni in the needles compared to the control and SSF treatment. Even though ash and nitrogen fertilisation tended to decrease the fine root biomass, this decrease was not likely to affect tree growth during a 10-year period.

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“…The prevailing opinion is that an optimal water content in a growing tree guarantees the optimal physiological activity (Miidla 1984). Alkalisation of soil is known to change the water regime in plants and does not favour several physiological processes of plants linked to photosynthesis (Lal and Ambasht 1982), carbohydrate metabolism (Iliescu 1981;Klõšeiko 2003), pigment system (Manning 1971;Mandre and Tuulmets 1997), mineral nutrition (Ludwig et al 2002;Saarsalmi et al 2004) etc. Changes in the biochemical processes in plant leaves have an effect also on the growth and development of other organs, including shoots growth and the formation of the stem biomass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of growth and stemwood quality of Scots pine on territory influenced by alkaline industrial dust

Mandre

Kask

Pikk

et al. 2007

Environ Monit Assess

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Long-term influence of alkaline dust (pH 12.3-12.7) pollution emitted over 40 years from a cement plant in Estonia was the reason of alkalisation (pH 6.7-7.9) and high concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in the soil of affected territories. Although dust emission has diminished during the last 10 years, the imbalances in nutrition substrate and their influence on the growth of trees are notable up to now. The study of morphological and physical properties of 70-80-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) crown, stems and stemwood from three different air pollution zones showed serious deviations in comparison with a relatively healthy forest in an unpolluted area. The specimens from polluted trees, if compared to reference site, showed significantly smaller height growth, radial increment and width of annual rings of sapwood. In heartwood wider annual rings were found in polluted areas. In the period of heartwood formation the dust pollution level emitted from the plant was relatively modest and cement dust, which contains elements necessary for mineral nutrition of trees, may have acted as fertiliser. The moisture content in sapwood and heartwood, especially in the upper layers of stems, was lower in the polluted area than in reference site trees. Regression analysis revealed a strong dependence between latewood percentage and sapwood or heartwood in stems of Scots pine in all sample plots.

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Effects of Lime and Wood Ash on Soil-solution Chemistry, Soil Chemistry and Nutritional Status of a Pine Stand in Northern Germany

Cited by 49 publications

References 17 publications

Wood-ash recycling affects forest soil and tree fine-root chemistry and reverses soil acidification

Wood-ash recycling affects forest soil and tree fine-root chemistry and reverses soil acidification

Effects of wood ash and nitrogen fertilization on fine root biomass and soil and foliage nutrients in a Norway spruce stand in Finland

Assessment of growth and stemwood quality of Scots pine on territory influenced by alkaline industrial dust

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