Effects of linseed oil and rumen undegradable protein:rumen degradable protein ratio on performance of Holstein dairy calves

Kazemi-Bonchenari, M.; Dehghan-Banadaky, M.; Fattahnia, F.; Saleh-Bahmanpour, A; Jahani-Moghadam, M.; Mirzaei, M.

doi:10.1017/s0007114520000586

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Blood insulin concentrations increased in calves fed the SFC diets, which could be related to greater blood glucose concentrations or to greater ruminal VFA concentrations, which have been indicated to be a stimulator for insulin secretion in ruminants (Manns et al, 1967). Regardless of the mechanisms involved in insulin secretion in dairy calves, our results agree with previous reports that stated that greater insulin concentration may influence growth performance of growing ruminants (Wester et al, 2000;Kazemi-Bonchenari et al, 2020).…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Corn processing and crude protein content in calf starter: Effects on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites

Makizadeh

Kazemi-Bonchenari

Yarahmadi

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of feeding dairy calves starter diets containing corn grain processed by different methods (ground versus steam-flaked; GRC vs. SFC) and either 18% or 21% crude protein (CP) contents (dry matter basis) on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, urinary purine derivatives, and blood metabolites of dairy calves. Holstein dairy calves (39.3 ± 1.9 kg of body weight, n = 12 calves per treatment, 6 males and 6 females) were randomly distributed to experimental diets in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The 4 dietary treatments were (1) starter diet containing GRC and 18% dietary CP (GRC-18CP; geometric mean particle size, GMPS = 0.73 mm); (2) GRC and 21% dietary CP (GRC-21CP; GMPS = 0.71 mm); (3) SFC and 18% dietary CP (SFC-18CP; GMPS = 2.21 mm); and (4) SFC and 21% dietary CP (SFC-21CP; GMPS = 2.16 mm). Calves were weaned on d 63 and remained in the study until d 83 of age. The starter feed intake did not differ among treatments; however, average daily gain and feed efficiency (FE) were improved and final body weight was higher for SFC diets compared with GRC diets. The organic matter and nonfiber carbohydrate digestibilities were greater for calves fed the SFC diets than for those fed the GRC diets. The ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentrations and the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate were greater, and the molar proportion of acetate and NH 3 -N concentrations were lower, for calves fed the SFC diets than for those fed the GRC diets. The excretion of allantoin and total purine derivatives, and subsequently microbial protein synthesis, were greater for calves fed the SFC diets than the GRC diets. The total urinary nitrogen excretion and its proportion of N intake were lower for calves fed the SFC diets than the GRC diets. The blood concentrations of insulin (pre-and postweaning), glucose (postweaning), and β-hydroxybutyrate (preweaning) were greater and blood urea nitrogen (preweaning) was lower for calves fed the SFC diets than the GRC diets. The protein content of the concentrate did not affect feed intake, growth performance, or ruminal fermentation of the calves. The neutral detergent fiber digestibility was greater for calves fed the 21% CP diets than the 18% CP diets. No interaction between main effects was observed regarding the starter intake, average daily gain, body weight, FE, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility of calves. The interaction between corn grain processing and starter protein content was significant for withers and hip heights with the greatest values found for SFC-21CP treatment. Our results show that steam flaking of corn improved the organic matter and nonfiber carbohydrate digestibilities, weight gain, FE, and ruminal microbial protein synthesis, and reduced urinary nitrogen excretion compared with grinding corn. Regardless of the marginal benefit derived from feeding the diet containing SFC and 21% CP in the height of calves, lower starter protein content (18% CP) may be used efficiently ...

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confidence: 90%

Corn processing and crude protein content in calf starter: Effects on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites

Makizadeh

Kazemi-Bonchenari

Yarahmadi

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Ghasemi et al (38) reported that supplementation with different oil sources did not affect the FE. However, some other studies have noted higher FE in calves fed with C18:3 FA compared to un-supplemented calves (8,36,40) . Although some previous studies used a similar number of animals while evaluating fat sources in dairy calves (38,40,49) .…”

Section: Growth Performance Feed Efficiency and Total Tract Digestimentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Garcia et al (41) have reported that total BW gain by female calves during the first 30 days tended to increase linearly with the increased intake of essential FAs. Kazemi-Bonchenari et al (8) showed that the final BW was greater in calves fed on the LSO rich in n-3…”

Section: Growth Performance Feed Efficiency and Total Tract Digestimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having said this, positive (42) , negative (43), or no effects (38) have previously been noted when considering the growth indices following the supplementation of different fat sources in dairy calves. Kazemi-Bonchenari et al (8) have described how calves supplemented with LSO had greater wither and hip heights compared with the un-supplemented calves.…”

Section: Growth Performance Feed Efficiency and Total Tract Digestimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of supplemental bioactive fatty acids on growth performance and immune function of milk-fed Holstein dairy calves during heat stress

mohtashami

Khalilvandi-Behroozyar

Pirmohammadi

et al. 2021

Br J Nutr

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different supplemental fat sources [soybean oil (SBO) as a source of n-6 fatty acid and fish oil (FO) as a source of n-3 fatty acids] in the starter feed of milk-fed dairy calves during the hot season. Forty Holstein calves (3 d of age; 39.67 kg of body weight; ten calves per group) were randomly assigned to the experimental treatments as follows: (1) starter feed supplemented with no fat source (CON), (2) starter feed supplemented with 3% SBO (DM basis), (3) starter feed supplemented with 3% FO (DM basis), and (4) starter feed supplemented with an equal mixture of SBO and FO (1.5% each, DM basis). The milk feeding schedule was constant for treatments and all calves were weaned on d 65 of age. Results show that calves had greater starter intake, average daily gain, and body length when fed SBO compared to other treatments. However, feed efficiency was increased and inflammatory indicators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) concentrations were reduced in the calves fed FO compared to the other treatments. In summary, it was revealed that SBO rich in n-6 FA improved starter intake and growth performance, while FO rich in n-3 FA could improve the immune function of calves. Due to the current experimental condition, an equal mixture of SBO and FO (1.5% each, DM basis) can be recommended to have an optimum growth performance and immune function while the calves are reared under the heat conditions.

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“…Sakata et al [ 36 ] suggested that the stimulatory effect of administration of SCFA such as propionate and butyrate into the rumen upon the mitotic index of rumen epithelial cells might be due to an increase in plasma insulin concentration. Higher blood insulin concentration can be also due to increased AA uptake which has been previously proposed in growing lambs [ 37 ] and growing calves [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of a Grain Source (Corn Versus Barley) and Starter Protein Content on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy Calves

Kazemi-Bonchenari

Mirzaei

Yazdi

et al. 2020

Animals

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The effects of a grain source (corn grain (CG) vs. barley grain (BG)) and starter protein content (19% vs. 22% CP, dry matter basis) on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites were evaluated in Holstein dairy calves. Forty 3-day-old female calves with a starting body weight of 39.3 kg were subjected to four treatments in a completely randomized design with two by two factorial arrangements. Treatments were: (1) CG + 19% CP (CG-19CP); (2) CG + 22% CP (CG-22CP); (3) BG + 19% CP (BG-19CP); and (4) BG + 22% CP (BG-22CP). All calves were weaned at 59 days of age and remained in the study until 73 days of age. Starter and total DM intake were not affected by grain source and dietary protein content (p > 0.05). The average daily gain and feed efficiency were improved, and ruminal total short-chain fatty acid, propionate, and butyrate concentrations were increased in BG calves compared to CG calves (p < 0.05). The ruminal concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (d 71; p = 0.02) and acetate (d 35; p = 0.02) were increased in CG fed calves compared to BG. The greatest wither height (p = 0.03) and blood insulin concentration (p = 0.03) were seen in BG-22CP treatment. In conclusion, BG has marginal benefit in the height of calves when fed with diet containing 22% CP which may be recommendable in replacement heifer rearing programs.

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Effects of linseed oil and rumen undegradable protein:rumen degradable protein ratio on performance of Holstein dairy calves

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Corn processing and crude protein content in calf starter: Effects on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites

Corn processing and crude protein content in calf starter: Effects on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites

The effect of supplemental bioactive fatty acids on growth performance and immune function of milk-fed Holstein dairy calves during heat stress

Effects of a Grain Source (Corn Versus Barley) and Starter Protein Content on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy Calves

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