Effects of Liquid Electrolytes on the Charge–Discharge Performance of Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries: Electrochemical and in-Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Studies

Gao, Jie; Lowe, Michael A.; Kiya, Yasuyuki; Abruña, Héctor D.

doi:10.1021/jp207714c

Cited by 546 publications

(600 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Conventional carbonate-based electrolytes may not be as promising as in Li-ion batteries, because the polysulfides can react with carbonate-based electrolyte via nucleophilic addition or substitution to form thiocarbonates and other small molecules. 143,144 The charge/discharge behaviour of polysulfide catholyte is very sensitive to the polarity of the supporting electrolyte. The poor stabilization of polysulfides in lowdielectric solvents such as THF and DOL seems beneficial to achieve high reversible capacity (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

A chemistry and material perspective on lithium redox flow batteries towards high-density electrical energy storage

et al. 2015

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Electrical energy storage system such as secondary batteries is the principle power source for portable electronics, electric vehicles and stationary energy storage. As an emerging battery technology, Li-redox flow batteries inherit the advantageous features of modular design of conventional redox flow batteries and high voltage and energy efficiency of Li-ion batteries, showing great promise as efficient electrical energy storage system in transportation, commercial, and residential applications. The chemistry of lithium redox flow batteries with aqueous or non-aqueous electrolyte enables widened electrochemical potential window thus may provide much greater energy density and efficiency than conventional redox flow batteries based on proton chemistry. This Review summarizes the design rationale, fundamentals and characterization of Li-redox flow batteries from a chemistry and material perspective, with particular emphasis on the new chemistries and materials. The latest advances and associated challenges/ opportunities are comprehensively discussed.

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confidence: 99%

A chemistry and material perspective on lithium redox flow batteries towards high-density electrical energy storage

et al. 2015

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“…However, it is well known that most sulfur cathodes cannot undergo reversible Li-S redox reaction in carbonate electrolyte [123,124]. The irreversibility is due to the side reactions between intermediate polysulfides and carbonate solvents, which results in the decomposition of electrolyte and sharply reduced ionic conductivity [125]. Therefore, conventional sulfur cathodes cannot complete the "solidliquid" dual-phase Li-S redox reaction in carbonate electrolytes.…”

Section: Sulfurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Design of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Practical Application

Yang

Adair

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

343

206

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Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices that have the potential to deliver energy densities that supersede that of state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries. Due to their high theoretical energy density and cost-effectiveness, Li-S batteries have received great attention and have made great progress in the last few years. However, the insurmountable gap between fundamental research and practical application is still a major stumbling block that has hindered the commercialization of Li-S batteries. This review provides insight from an engineering point of view to discuss the reasonable structural design and parameters for the application of Li-S batteries. Firstly, a systematic analysis of various parameters (sulfur loading, electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio, discharge capacity, discharge voltage, Li excess percentage, sulfur content, etc.) that influence the gravimetric energy density, volumetric energy density and cost is investigated. Through comparing and analyzing the statistical information collected from recent Li-S publications to find the shortcomings of Li-S technology, we supply potential strategies aimed at addressing the major issues that are still needed to be overcome. Finally, potential future directions and prospects in the engineering of Li-S batteries are discussed.

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“…However, in the pathway of sulphur reduction, lithium polysulphides of variable chain length, Li 2 S n , are formed [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]:…”

Section: +-82mentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple, experiment-based model of the initial self-discharge of lithium-sulphur batteries

Al-Mahmoud

Dibden

Owen

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

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One of the main challenges in the development of lithium-sulphur batteries is the so called "shuttle mechanism", which involves the diffusion of sulphur and polysulphides from the sulphur electrode to the lithium electrode, where they get reduced via chemical reactions with lithium. The shuttle mechanism decreases the capacity delivered by the battery, hampers its rechargeability, and promotes battery selfdischarge. We have developed a simple model of the shuttle mechanism that reproduces quantitatively the rate of the initial self discharge of lithium-sulphur batteries. The rate of sulphur and polysulphide diffusion has been quantified by studying cells with varying number of separators between the electrodes. We have found that it is essential that the model incorporates the presence of carbon additive in the sulphur electrode, which slows down the decrease of the open circuit potential with time. The model also reproduces well the rate of self-discharge of lithium-sulphur cells containing sulphur dissolved in the electrolyte. In conclusion, the present model provides a basic 2 understanding of the mechanism of self-discharge of lithium-sulphur cells, and allows quantifying the two main causes of sulphur loss at the sulphur electrode: sulphur diffusion across a concentration gradient and sulphur reaction with polysulphides formed at the lithium electrode.

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Effects of Liquid Electrolytes on the Charge–Discharge Performance of Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries: Electrochemical and in-Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Studies

Cited by 546 publications

References 33 publications

A chemistry and material perspective on lithium redox flow batteries towards high-density electrical energy storage

A chemistry and material perspective on lithium redox flow batteries towards high-density electrical energy storage

Structural Design of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Practical Application

A simple, experiment-based model of the initial self-discharge of lithium-sulphur batteries

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