Effects of lithology on geometry and scaling of small faults in Triassic sandstones, East Greenland

Using surface characteristics to infer the permeability structure of an active fault zone

“…The Borax Lake fault architecture is therefore more consistent with the conceptual models proposed for lithified materials (e.g., Caine et al, 1996;Antonellini and Aydin, 1994) than for weakly lithified sediments (e.g., Rawling et al, 2001). Localized precipitation of calcite cement has been shown to be an important control on deformation in the Månedalen fault zone on Traill Ö , East Greenland (Steen and Andresen, 1999), and we speculate that cementation by precipitates from geothermal fluids in the Borax Lake fault may have resulted in the development of a hydraulic structure contrary to that expected for a fault in alluvium.…”

“…Fault hydraulic conductivity may be measured in boreholes (e.g., Shipton et al, 2002), by permeameter testing of exhumed fault exposures (e.g., Rawling et al, 2001), or by laboratory testing of intact samples (e.g., Antonellini and Aydin, 1994;Evans et al, 1997;Kato et al, 2004). Other methods used to infer the hydraulic behavior of faults include thermal or spinner surveys in open boreholes (e.g., Barton et al, 1995), borehole geophysics (e.g., Kiguchi et al, 2001;Shipton et al, 2002), textural studies (e.g., Scholz, 1998, 1999;Steen and Andresen, 1999;Shipton and Cowie, 2001) and estimation of permeability based on fracture aperture distributions measured in the field (e.g., Matthäi et al, 1998;Jourde et al, 2002).…”

Clustering of offsets on the Haiyuan fault and their relationship to paleoearthquakes

“…The existence of small barriers or asperities on the fault plane may affect the propagation of the rupture during the earthquake, which could consequently result in slip variations (Aki, 1984;Bürgmann et al, 1994;Steen and Andersen, 1999;Wilkins and Gross, 2002;Kim and Sanderson, 2005). Because the fault traces at Shikaguangou are almost linear lines, these possible reasons for slip variation do not apply at Shikaguangou.…”

Displacement profiles and displacement-length scaling relationships of thrust faults constrained by seismic-reflection data

“…Compilations of these various data sets imply values of n ≈ 1 but with widely varying values for the constant k (e.g., Muraoka and Kamata, 1983;Walsh and Watterson, 1987;Krantz, 1988;Opheim and Gudmundsson, 1989;Scholz and Cowie, 1990;Peacock and Sanderson, 1991;Dawers et al, 1993;Schlische et al, 1996;Walsh et al, 2002;Wilkins and Gross, 2002). A value of 1 for the exponent n indicates that the relationship between maximum length and displacement is linear, making k a constant of proportionality determined by the ratio of D max to L. Variability in observed ratios of fault displacement to length are attributed to several factors, including, but not limited to, measurement errors (e.g., Gillespie et al, 1992;Kim and Sanderson, 2005), tectonic setting (e.g., Cowie and Scholz, 1992b), mechanical properties of stratigraphy (e.g., Muraoka and Kamata, 1983;Cowie and Scholz, 1992b;Gillespie et al, 1992;Gross et al, 1997;Steen and Andresen, 1999;Schultz and Fossen, 2002), kine matics (e.g., Bürgmann et al, 1994;Gross et al, 1997), and fault linkages and interactions (e.g., Peacock, 1991;Peacock and Sanderson, 1991;Bürgmann et al, 1994;Cartwright et al, 1995;Willemse et al, 1996;Wojtal, 1996;Willemse, 1997;Gupta and Scholz, 2000).…”