Effects of location, exposure and physical structure on juvenile recruitment of the sea urchin<i>Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis</i>in the Gulf of Maine

Harris, Larry G.; Chester, Charles M.

doi:10.1080/07924259.1996.9672547

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Identification of the physical mechanism underlying larval dispersal by sampling larval distributions in the plankton and settlement over space and time concurrently with hydrographic measurements is a second approach ( Pedrotti and Fenaux, 1992; Wing et al ., 1995b ; Miller and Emlet, 1997). Several studies have compared settlement variability over space on a variety of scales from metres to many kilometres ( Caffey, 1985; Rumrill, 1988; Judge et al ., 1988 ; Raimondi, 1990; Gaines and Bertness, 1993; Sewell and Watson, 1993; Wing et al ., 1995a ; Harris and Chester, 1996). Physical oceanographic models of coastal circulation can also contribute to an understanding of the movement of planktonic organisms with specific physical and behavioural characteristics ( Hofmann et al ., 1991 ; Botsford et al ., 1994 a; Keough and Black, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability in red sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) recruitment in northern California

Morgan

Wing

Botsford

et al. 2000

Fisheries Oceanography

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To better understand the spatial distribution of recruitment in the northern California red sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) population, we sampled size distributions at each of 12 locations in 1995 and 1996, two of those locations in 1994, and 5 of those locations in 1997. An index of recent recruitment in these size distributions and an estimate of density of recent recruitment reflect a similar spatial pattern of recruitment. This pattern appears to be determined by the effect of coastal circulation on larval delivery during relaxation of upwelling, and not the result of the positive effect of the adult spine canopy on juvenile survival. Recent recruitment of red sea urchins in northern California is higher in areas more frequently subjected to onshore and poleward flow during relaxation of upwelling. These results are consistent with a mechanism by which alongshore spatial variability in southward, offshore flow during upwelling winds allows larvae to maintain latitudinal position, whereas flows during event‐scale relaxations in upwelling winds serve to distribute settling larvae alongshore, favouring areas north of promontories. The consequent spatial pattern of red sea urchin settlement varies from year to year, and there are not yet sufficient data to demonstrate the degree to which this spatial pattern in recruitment determines a spatial pattern in fishable adult abundance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability in red sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) recruitment in northern California

Morgan

Wing

Botsford

et al. 2000

Fisheries Oceanography

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“…The 1998 data are less informative of historical settlement differences mainly because of the large number of young urchins in both morphs. Younger urchins occurred more frequently in 1998 than in 1997, supporting the notion that settlement intensities vary annually in the Gulf of Maine (Harris andChester 1996, McNaught 1999). Two explanations for the coexistence of the two morphs at AI are that their larvae originated from different locations or underwent prerecruitment selection (cf.…”

Section: Genetic Differentiation Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 59%

SYMPATRIC GROWTH MORPHS AND SIZE BIMODALITY IN THE GREEN SEA URCHIN (STRONGYLOCENTROTUS DROEBACHIENSIS)

Vadas

Smith

Beal

et al. 2002

Ecological Monographs

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Green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) have been a dominant structuring force in boreal, hard-bottom communities and recently have become an important fishery. Despite these roles, relatively little is known about the age, growth, and demographics of field populations. To begin to address these issues, we systematically sampled urchins during 1997 and 1998 at two sites (Allen Island [AI] and Schoodic Peninsula [SP]) in the Gulf of Maine, USA. Basic demographic information (density and size structure) was obtained and a subset of urchins aged by counting annual bands on the interambulacral plates. Size-at-age analyses showed that the population at AI consisted of two sympatric growth morphs, fast growing (fg) and slow growing (sg), each described by its own von Bertalanffy growth parameters for mean size and size variance. The two morphs also differed in maximum observed ages (sg, 6-11 yr, vs. fg, 16-18 yr) and in maximum test diameter sizes (sg, 30-35 mm, vs. fg, 50-70 mm). At SP, a single (fg) morph was identified which had growth characteristics similar to the fg morph at AI. An obviously bimodal sizefrequency distribution at AI reflects the accumulation of urchins of each morph at asymptotic size.We advanced several hypotheses, including intrinsic factors (e.g., sex ratios, morphology, and genetics) and extrinsic factors (e.g., density, spatial distribution, settlement history, growth history, and migration) to explain the origin and coexistence of the two growth forms. Using primary and post hoc data analyses, we rejected sex ratio, density, spatial relations, and morphology. Analysis of annual growth and age structure indicated that the two morphs had different settlement histories, suggesting the mixing of two genetically distinct populations. Our post hoc analyses could not reject the genetics or growth history and migration hypotheses. Genetically different larvae, or else a phased process of differential settlement, migration, and growth (threshold migration hypothesis) are the most likely cause(s) for the two morphs.Our data indicate that field growth rates in green urchins are intrinsically highly variable but also vary interannually, probably in relation to their environment. Intrinsic variability provides a novel explanation for bimodality of size-frequency distributions in urchin populations. Interestingly, the sublegal size (Ͻ50 mm) and short life span of the sg morph preempts its recruitment into the fishery. Moreover, if the sg morph is widespread and genetically based, intensive harvesting may enhance selection for the sg morph. These findings may have serious implications for understanding the population structure and managing the green urchin fishery, and for assessing the grazing impact of these urchins in nearshore communities.

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“…Several studies also have been carried out using larval sea urchins as biomarker for assessing environmental factors such as pH (Pagano et al, 1985) and salinity (Dinnel et al, 1981(Dinnel et al, , 1983 as well as to detect the presence of xenobiotics and metals (Pagano et al, 2000). Similarly, studies have been carried out involving sea urchins in the field of taxonomy, histology and morphology (Yokota, 2002), genome studies (Materna et al, 2006;Materna and Cameron, 2008), immunological studies (Cooper and Alder, 2006;Hibino et al, 2006), and larval settlement studies (Pearce and Scheibling, 1990;Kitamura et al, 1993Kitamura et al, , 2003Harris and Chester, 1996;Huggett et al, 2006;Koh et al, 1996;Miller and Emlet, 1999;Takahashi et al, 2002;Swanson et al, 2004). In India, studies on the early development and metamorphosis and anatomy of sea urchin species Salmacis bicolor from the Madras coast (southeast coast of India) was carried out by Aiyar (1936), followed by several other studies on different aspects of other species such as Salmacis bicolor and Stomopneustes variolaris (Aiyar and Menon, 1944), S. variolaris (Shetty, 1960;Giese et al, 1964;Mary, 1979;Reuben et al, 1980;Sastry, 1985) along the coast of India, and Echinometra mathaei (Jose et al, 2007;Mishra et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, Distribution and Nesting Behavior of Sea Urchins along the Coast of Port Blair, South Andaman

Mishra

Yasmin

Mishra

et al. 2015

Marine Faunal Diversity in India

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Effects of location, exposure and physical structure on juvenile recruitment of the sea urchinStrongylocentrotus droebachiensisin the Gulf of Maine

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial variability in red sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) recruitment in northern California

Spatial variability in red sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) recruitment in northern California

SYMPATRIC GROWTH MORPHS AND SIZE BIMODALITY IN THE GREEN SEA URCHIN (STRONGYLOCENTROTUS DROEBACHIENSIS)

Diversity, Distribution and Nesting Behavior of Sea Urchins along the Coast of Port Blair, South Andaman

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