Effects of Long-Haul Transmeridian Travel on Subjective Jet-Lag and Self-Reported Sleep and Upper Respiratory Symptoms in Professional Rugby League Players

Fowler, Peter; Duffield, Rob; Lu, Donna; Hickmans, Jeremy A.; Scott, Tannath J.

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2015-0542

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Overall, studies used a range of designs and methodological approaches. Three of the studies investigating long-haul travel reported a rating of jet lag in addition to sleep outcomes [41, 42, 58]. Time zone changes ranged from 1 to 11 h, with the maximum time zone change when travelling east being 8 h and the maximum when travelling west being 11 h. Across all studies, however, no change in sleep onset latency or sleep efficiency was reported following travel compared with pre-travel assessments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time zone changes ranged from 1 to 11 h, with the maximum time zone change when travelling east being 8 h and the maximum when travelling west being 11 h. Across all studies, however, no change in sleep onset latency or sleep efficiency was reported following travel compared with pre-travel assessments. Changes in total sleep time and sleep quality reported were mixed, with one study showing a significant decrease in total sleep time following long-haul eastward travel [57] and another showing an increase following long-haul westward travel [42]. The majority of studies reported no change in sleep quality; however, Richmond et al [40] reported a significant decrease in sleep quality prior to away matches following a 2-h eastward time-zone change (mean score = 3.4), when compared with home matches (mean score = 3.8) in elite Australian Rules Football players.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…perfectionism and anxious concern) also predispose individuals to insomnia (e.g. see Harvey et al [26]).For elite athletes, the multifaceted demands of elite sport, including the heightened frequency, intensity and volume (and also scheduling [32, 33]) of training sessions [34–36], pre-competition anxiety (a type of cognitive arousal) [37, 38] and the relocation required by national [39, 40] and international competitions [41, 42], can all be expected to precipitate (or perpetuate) episodes of sleep disruption. Chronic sleep disturbances [43, 44], in addition to restricted sleep times [32, 33], may contribute to the high levels of daytime fatigue typically reported by competitive athletes and thus may impair training quality and adherence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Elite Sport Degrade Sleep Quality? A Systematic Review

2016

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BackgroundInformation on sleep quality and insomnia symptomatology among elite athletes remains poorly systematised in the sports science and medicine literature. The extent to which performance in elite sport represents a risk for chronic insomnia is unknown.ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review was to profile the objective and experienced characteristics of sleep among elite athletes, and to consider relationships between elite sport and insomnia symptomatology.MethodsStudies relating to sleep involving participants described on a pre-defined continuum of ‘eliteness’ were located through a systematic search of four research databases: SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, up to April 2016. Once extracted, studies were categorised as (1) those mainly describing sleep structure/patterns, (2) those mainly describing sleep quality and insomnia symptomatology and (3) those exploring associations between aspects of elite sport and sleep outcomes.ResultsThe search returned 1676 records. Following screening against set criteria, a total of 37 studies were identified. The quality of evidence reviewed was generally low. Pooled sleep quality data revealed high levels of sleep complaints in elite athletes. Three risk factors for sleep disturbance were broadly identified: (1) training, (2) travel and (3) competition.ConclusionWhile acknowledging the limited number of high-quality evidence reviewed, athletes show a high overall prevalence of insomnia symptoms characterised by longer sleep latencies, greater sleep fragmentation, non-restorative sleep, and excessive daytime fatigue. These symptoms show marked inter-sport differences. Two underlying mechanisms are implicated in the mediation of sport-related insomnia symptoms: pre-sleep cognitive arousal and sleep restriction.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0650-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Elite Sport Degrade Sleep Quality? A Systematic Review

2016

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“…This necessitates international travel not only for competition purposes, but also to attend training camps. Long-distance air travel across several time zones exposes passengers to travel fatigue and jet lag, which is suggested to negatively influence performance212–214 and susceptibility to illness 215 216. However, no link has yet been established for injuries.…”

Section: Load and Risk Of Injury In Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury

et al. 2016

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Athletes participating in elite sports are exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendars. Emerging evidence indicates that poor load management is a major risk factor for injury. The International Olympic Committee convened an expert group to review the scientific evidence for the relationship of load (defined broadly to include rapid changes in training and competition load, competition calendar congestion, psychological load and travel) and health outcomes in sport. We summarise the results linking load to risk of injury in athletes, and provide athletes, coaches and support staff with practical guidelines to manage load in sport. This consensus statement includes guidelines for (1) prescription of training and competition load, as well as for (2) monitoring of training, competition and psychological load, athlete well-being and injury. In the process, we identified research priorities.

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“…31 Rather, long-haul or overnight travel is more likely to result in disrupted sleep behaviours and poorer sleep quantity and quality. 32 A limited number of studies investigating the effects of jet-lag in athletes indicates indirect effects on performance as a consequence of changes in mood and arousal that are concurrent to reduced sleep (for a review see Duffield & Fowler 28 ; Kölling et al 2 ). In terms of supporting recovery processes and enhancing an adaptation to the destination, behavioural strategies, such as arranging sleep-wake and meal times according to the target time, should be preferred over medications.…”

Section: Travel and Jet-lagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep-Related Issues for Recovery and Performance in Athletes

Kölling¹,

Duffield²,

Erlacher³

et al. 2019

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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The body of research that reports the relevance of sleep in high-performance sports is growing steadily. While the identification of sleep cycles and diagnosis of sleep disorders is limited to lab-based assessment via polysomnography, the development of activity-based devices estimating sleep patterns provides greater insight into the sleep behaviour of athletes in ecological settings. Overall, small sleep quantity and/or poor quality appears to exist in many athletic populations, though this may be related to training and competition context. Typical sleep-affecting factors are the scheduling of training sessions and competitions as well as impaired sleep-onset as a result of increased arousal prior to competition or due to the use of electronic devices before bedtime. Further challenges are travel demands which may be accompanied by jet-lag symptoms and disruption of sleep habits. Promotion of sleep may be approached via behavioural strategies, such as sleep hygiene, extending night-time sleep or daytime napping. Pharmacological interventions should be limited to clinically-induced treatments as evidence among healthy and athletic populations is lacking. To optimise and manage sleep in athletes, it is recommended to implement routine sleep monitoring on an individual basis.

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Effects of Long-Haul Transmeridian Travel on Subjective Jet-Lag and Self-Reported Sleep and Upper Respiratory Symptoms in Professional Rugby League Players

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Does Elite Sport Degrade Sleep Quality? A Systematic Review

Does Elite Sport Degrade Sleep Quality? A Systematic Review

How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury

Sleep-Related Issues for Recovery and Performance in Athletes

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