Effects of Long-Term Bare Fallow During the Winter-Wheat Growth Season on the Soil Chemical Properties, Fungal Community Composition, and the Occurrence of Maize Fungal Diseases in North China

Wang, Yajiao; Ji, Lijing; Li, Qiusheng; wu, yu xing; Li, Congcong; Kong, Lisheng; Wang, Xifeng

doi:10.1094/pdis-11-20-2492-re

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Significant correlations between these soil properties and the soil fungal community composition indicated that changes in the soil nutrients could be the major controlling factor of fungal community composition between the prior and new systems ( Figure 2A2 ). Moreover, the positive effects of the non-fertilized new rotation systems on the soil fungal diversity were in line with previous studies, which could be attributed to new niches provided by the nutrient-rich plant residue from the legumes ( Ding et al, 2017 ; Thapa et al, 2021 ; Wang Y. et al, 2021 ). These results indicated that soil fungal response to the new rotation systems was as rapid as the changes in the soil nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Leguminous cover crops and soya increased soil fungal diversity and suppressed pathotrophs caused by continuous cereal cropping

Meng²,

Yao³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The enrichment of soil-borne fungal pathogens and a high input of mineral fertilizer in the continuous cropping of cereal crops have raised a concern about soil health deterioration. Conversion of continuous cereal cropping to a legume-involved system alters the soil fungal community. However, when a leguminous cover crop is grown with a succeeding legume grain crop such as soya (Glycine max L. Merril), the effects on the soil fungal community when two legumes are involved in the crop system remain unclear. Thus, the effects of the cover crop on the soil fungal community under a succession of soya and a succession of maize (Zea mays L.) were clarified: a continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–maize cropping system was converted to new rotation systems with three cover crop treatments: leguminous vetch (Vicia sativa L.), a mixture of vetch and rye (Secale cereale L.), and fallow, succeeded by soya or maize in this study. The soil fungal community at the harvest of soya and maize were determined using high-throughput sequencing of ITS2 amplicons. Compared to a wheat–maize rotation system, all of the new rotation systems that involved leguminous crops or fallow increased the soil fungal diversity and suppressed pathotrophs by reducing the soil NH4+, NO3−, available K, and available P concentrations. Different cover crops changed the fungal community composition, but their effect was overwhelmed by the strong effect of succeeding soya, which induced minor shifts among the cover crop treatments under soya than maize. The Vetch–Soya system exhibited the highest fungal diversity, which have been due to an increase of symbiotrophs. Replacing wheat with mixed vetch and rye most greatly suppressed the pathotrophs, and this suppression effect was stronger when succeeded by maize than by soya. These results showed the short-term benefits of legume–legume succession and legume–cereal mixed cover crops for increasing fungal diversity and suppressing pathotrophs. Further study is needed to examine the long-term effects of Vetch–Soya on the accumulation of legume-associated pathogens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Leguminous cover crops and soya increased soil fungal diversity and suppressed pathotrophs caused by continuous cereal cropping

Meng²,

Yao³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Soils in Jiamusi were significantly enriched in genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, which were positively correlated with the high content of soil organic matter. Soil organic matter can provide nutrients and promote multiplication of microbes, ultimately, indirectly promoting the capacity of carbon metabolism [ 11 ]. With lower inputs of plant-derived organic carbon, desert communities have lower relative abundances of genes associated with nutrient cycling and the catabolism of plant-derived organic compounds compared with forests, grasslands, and tundra [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil microbes not only breakdown organic matter and minerals, they also secrete secondary metabolites that can regulate plant growth [ 7 – 9 ]. Microbes in soil can cause disease or help protect against disease [ 10 , 11 ]. Soil microbial communities and functions have strong spatial variability [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of soil bacterial and bacteriophage communities in three rice agroecosystems and potential impacts of bacteriophage on nutrient cycling

Wang

et al. 2022

Environmental Microbiome

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Background As genetic entities infecting and replicating only in bacteria, bacteriophages can regulate the community structure and functions of their host bacteria. The ecological roles of bacteriophages in aquatic and forest environments have been widely explored, but those in agroecosystems remains limited. Here, we used metagenomic sequencing to analyze the diversity and interactions of bacteriophages and their host bacteria in soils from three typical rice agroecosystems in China: double cropping in Guangzhou, southern China, rice–wheat rotation cropping in Nanjing, eastern China and early maturing single cropping in Jiamusi, northeastern China. Enterobacter phage-NJ was isolated and its functions on soil nitrogen cycling and effect on soil bacterial community structure were verified in pot inoculation experiments and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Soil bacterial and viral diversity and predicted functions varied among the three agroecosystems. Genes detected in communities from the three agroecosystems were associated with typical functions: soil bacteria in Jiamusi were significantly enriched in genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, in Nanjing with xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, and in Guangzhou with virulence factors and scarce in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, which might lead to a significant occurrence of rice bacterial diseases. The virus community structure varies significantly among the three ecosystems, only 13.39% of the total viral species were shared by the three rice agroecosystems, 59.56% of the viral species were specific to one agroecosystem. Notably, over-represented auxiliary carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes were identified in the viruses, which might assist host bacteria in metabolizing carbon, and 67.43% of these genes were present in Jiamusi. In bacteriophage isolation and inoculation experiments, Enterobacter bacteriophage-NJ reduced the nitrogen fixation capacity of soil by lysing N-fixing host bacteria and changed the soil bacterial diversity and community structure. Conclusion Our results showed that diversity and function predicted of paddy soil bacteria and viruses varied in the three agroecosystems. Soil bacteriophages can affect nutrient cycling by boosting host metabolism through the carried auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) and lysing the host bacteria that are involved in biogeochemical cycles. These findings form a basis for better understanding bacterial and bacteriophage diversity in different rice agroecosystems, laying a solid foundation for further studies of soil microbial communities that support ecofriendly production of healthy rice.

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“…Soil microbes not only breakdown organic matter and minerals, they also secrete secondary metabolites that can regulate plant growth [7][8][9]. Microbes in soil can cause disease or help protect against disease [10,11]. Soil microbial communities and functions have strong spatial variability [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of Soil Bacterial and Bacteriophage Communities in Three Rice Agroecosystems and Potential Impacts On Nutrient Cycling

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: As genetic entities infecting and replicating only in bacteria, bacteriophages can regulate the community structure and functions of their host bacteria, but they are often overlooked because of their relatively low abundance. The ecological roles of bacteriophages in aquatic and forest environments have been widely explored, but those in agroecosystems remains limited. Here, we used metagenomic sequencing to analyze the diversity and interactions of bacteriophages and their host bacteria in soils from three typical rice agroecosystems in China: double cropping in Guangzhou, southern China, rice–wheat rotation cropping in Nanjing, eastern China and early maturing single cropping in Jiamusi, northeastern China. Bacteriophages were isolated and their functions on soil nitrogen cycling and effect on soil bacterial community structure were verified in pot inoculation experiments and Illumina MiSeq sequencing.Results: Soil bacterial and viral diversity and functions varied among the three agroecosystems. Genes detected in communities from the three agroecosystems were associated with typical functions; soil bacteria in Jiamusi were significantly enriched in genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, in Nanjing with xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, and in Guangzhou with virulence factors and scarce in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, which might lead to a significant occurrence of rice bacterial diseases. In the three ecosystems, 368 species of virus were detected. Notably, over-represented auxiliary carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes were identified in the viruses, which might assist host bacteria in metabolizing carbon, and 67.43% of these genes were present in Jiamusi. In bacteriophage isolation and inoculation experiments, Enterobacter bacteriophage-NJ reduced the nitrogen fixation capacity of soil by lysing N-fixing host bacteria and changed the soil bacterial diversity and community structure.Conclusions: Our results showed that diversity and function of paddy soil bacteria and viruses varied in the three agroecosystems. Soil bacteriophages can affect nutrient cycling by expressing auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) and lysing the host bacteria that are involved in biogeochemical cycles. These findings form a basis for better understanding bacterial and bacteriophage diversity in different rice agroecosystems, laying a solid foundation for further studies of soil microbial communities that support ecofriendly production of healthy rice.

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Effects of Long-Term Bare Fallow During the Winter-Wheat Growth Season on the Soil Chemical Properties, Fungal Community Composition, and the Occurrence of Maize Fungal Diseases in North China

Cited by 9 publications

References 70 publications

Leguminous cover crops and soya increased soil fungal diversity and suppressed pathotrophs caused by continuous cereal cropping

Leguminous cover crops and soya increased soil fungal diversity and suppressed pathotrophs caused by continuous cereal cropping

Heterogeneity of soil bacterial and bacteriophage communities in three rice agroecosystems and potential impacts of bacteriophage on nutrient cycling

Heterogeneity of Soil Bacterial and Bacteriophage Communities in Three Rice Agroecosystems and Potential Impacts On Nutrient Cycling

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