Effects of long-term estrogen replacement therapy

Hammond, Charles B.; Jelovsek, Frederick R.; Lee, Kerry L.; Creasman, William T.; Parker, Roy T.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(79)90288-6

Cited by 286 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Once all the follicles with their oocytes have been damaged, there is no chance that conception will ever occur with the patient's own oocytes. The hormonal failure associated with this condition results in multiple manifestations of estrogen deficiency, which may include annoying problems such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and breast atrophy, but more importantly, may lead to osteoporosis [6]. It is, therefore, important to preserve the two important gonadal functions, reproduction and hormone secretion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonist Inhibits Cyclophosphamide-Induced Ovarian Follicular Depletion in Rhesus Monkeys1

Ataya

Rao

Lawrence

et al. 1995

Biology of Reproduction

283

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several investigators have demonstrated that LHRH agonists (LHRHa) inhibit ovarian follicular depletion induced by chemotherapeutic agents in rodents. It is not clear whether or not the same effects occur in primates. Six adult female rhesus monkeys underwent unilateral ovariectomy and were divided into two groups that received monthly injections of either Lupron depot (LHRHa) or placebo vehicle. Both groups received cyclophosphamide (CTX) injections. Weekly blood samples were assayed for FSH, estradiol and progesterone. Mean serum FSH levels significantly increased in the CTX group and significantly decreased in the LHRHa+CTX group. At the end of treatment, the remaining ovary was removed and serially sectioned, and ovarian follicle number and size were analyzed. CTX resulted in a significant reduction of nonprimordial follicles < 50 microns in diameter. The rate of loss of primordial follicles was expressed as a percentage of the original follicle count. During the treatment period, 64.6 +/- 2.8% of the total primordial follicles were lost in the CTX group compared to only 28.9 +/- 9.1% in the LHRHa+CTX group (p < 0.05). The percentage rate of decline per day was 0.120 +/- 0.012 for the CTX group compared to 0.057 +/- 0.019 (p < 0.05) for the LHRHa+CTX group. The findings indicate that LHRHa can protect the ovary against CTX-induced damage in rhesus monkeys.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonist Inhibits Cyclophosphamide-Induced Ovarian Follicular Depletion in Rhesus Monkeys1

Ataya

Rao

Lawrence

et al. 1995

Biology of Reproduction

283

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…10 HDL cholesterol seems to be the most important lipid fraction marker in coronary heart disease risk, since in the study individuals with high levels of HDL cholesterol ( > 60 rngldl) had the lowest incidence of coronary heart disease, Irrespective of trtglycerlde and low-density TREATMENT CONSIDERA-TION5-In a long-term retrospective study, Hammond and colleagues 11 showed that postmenopausal women on estrogen replacement therapy have, as determined statistically, a stgntflcantly lower incidence of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease as compared with matched controls. It seems reasonable to infer that the mechanism whereby estrogen replacement therapy exerts a protective effect against coronary heart disease is by elevation of HDL cholesterol levels, 12 although this was not spectflcally studied.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease--mentioning

confidence: 96%

Estrogen replacement therapy

Beauchamp¹,

Held²,

Huffman³

1984

Postgraduate Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The menopausal woman is in a state of estrogen deficiency that induces a variety of metabolic, structural, and symptomatic disturbances. Indications for estrogen replacement therapy include vasomotor symptoms, psychosomatic complaints, urogenital atrophy, prevention of osteoporosis, and prevention of coronary heart disease. Potential risks of therapy include development of endometrial and breast cancer. The incidence of both can be decreased with combination estrogen-progestin therapy. Future research efforts should be directed toward identifying the postmenopausal woman at increased risk for osteoporosis and/or coronary heart disease.

show abstract

“…Burch et al (1976) observed a 63% decrease in expected deaths from heart disease in 1000 estrogen-treated women followed for 15 years. Similarly, significantly lower incidence of cardiovascular disease has been reported in estrogen-treated women as compared with those never using estrogens (Hammond et al 1979a;Henderson et al 1986) …”

Section: Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 97%

Sex Steroids and Cancer in Older Women

Varma

1992

Drugs & Aging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) continue to be controversial subjects. The main concern is the potential risk of prolonged HRT and the possible development of endometrial and breast carcinoma. There is no obvious evidence at present to suggest that HRT increases endometrial carcinoma provided the patient receives progestogen for a period of 10 or more days (usual period is 12 days) during each month. However the breast does not seem to enjoy this safety margin and there is some concern about possible increase in the incidence of breast cancer if the treatment period is longer than 5 years. The increase in the risk is higher after 15 years of estrogen use. There is no obvious adverse effect on the ovary or on the cervix following HRT.

show abstract

Effects of long-term estrogen replacement therapy

Cited by 286 publications

References 18 publications

Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonist Inhibits Cyclophosphamide-Induced Ovarian Follicular Depletion in Rhesus Monkeys1

Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonist Inhibits Cyclophosphamide-Induced Ovarian Follicular Depletion in Rhesus Monkeys1

Estrogen replacement therapy

Sex Steroids and Cancer in Older Women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About