Effects of long term isolation on the emotion change of “Lunar Palace 365” crewmembers

Hao, Zikai; Zhu, Yinzhen; Feng, Siyuan; Chen, Meng; Hu, Dawei; Liu, Hui; Liu, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.scib.2019.05.019

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…In our study, the monitored physical parameters, such as BMI, weight, sleep, BP, and HR, were shifted within normal medical ranges, which indicated that the subjects were all in a healthy physiological state. Additionally, crew members showed neither behavioral disturbance nor psychological distress during their stay in the BLSS (38). For the gut microbiome, we did not find significant changes that adversely affected human health, but a trend of gut microbial convergence was observed for each subject during their stay in the BLSS, which was in accordance with a previous long-term (6-to 12-month) space exploration study performed by Voorhies et al (33).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Not coincidentally, interindividual variability was also found by Jin et al (40) among six Japanese men who explored Antarctica for 3 months, during which period a reduction in Bifidobacterium species abundance was observed, just as in our study. The difference was that we did not observe an increase in the abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which is thought to proliferate during emotional stress and might be a microbial cause of nonapparent emotional changes in subjects between being inside and outside the BLSS (38). According to our findings, cohabitation for 60 days in a confined BLSS does not compromise the compositional and functional layout of the individual-and sex-specific microbiota, suggesting the resilience of the individuality of the gut microbial ecosystem, which was consistent with the previous long-term Mars500 experiment (2).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…S4a), which were negatively correlated with TST but positively correlated with AWNs, in DBS samples from all the subjects might have affected the sleep quality of the subjects. In addition, alterations in some GBMs, such as the synthesis of propionate, butyrate, and glutamate, in our study also indicated that the gut microbiome may play a role in mental disorders such as anxiety (47) and depression (48) in those confined in the BLSS, although there were no obvious emotional changes in the subjects (38). In addition, specific links between significantly changed gut microbes/functional modules and energy/nutrient intake passed from BBS to DBS to ABS samples, as described in Results, also show that the gut microbiota should be monitored in those confined in BLSSs.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Energy/Nutrient Intake in a Confined Bioregenerative Life Support System

Chen

Wang

Hao

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiome is modified in space analogs and that human health can be affected during actual spaceflight. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and dietary intake in simulator subjects and astronauts remains unclear. Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSSs) are confined and self-sufficient ecosystems that enable exploration of this issue. Here, we correlate changes in gut microbes to the nutrient types present in controlled diets within subjects cohabitating in a BLSS. A metagenome-wide association study (MWAS) was performed on 55 shotgun-sequenced fecal samples longitudinally obtained from healthy Chinese subjects (n = 4 in total, n = 2 per sex) subjected to a 60-day BLSS stay and a specialized diet. Each food item was categorized based on nutrient type according to the Chinese Food Ingredients List (https://wenku.baidu.com/view/3f2b628488eb172ded630b1c59eef8c75fbf9514.html?from=search). The physical parameters of each subject fluctuated within normal medical ranges. Sex- and individual-specific differences and a trend of individual convergence of the gut microbiome in the BLSS were observed. Depletion of bacterial taxa such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium longum, and Escherichia coli and functional modules such as short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, as well as an increase in an unidentified Lachnospiraceae and glutamate/tryptophan synthesis, were observed in the BLSS. Correlation analysis showed that these compositional and functional changes were associated with energy/nutrient intake during the BLSS stay. Our findings suggest that the gut microbiota is a useful indicator for monitoring health and that individual nutritive diets should be considered according to sex and individual differences in simulations or in spaceflight. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome shows individual specificity and is affected by sex, environment, and diet; gut microbiome imbalance is related to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Astronauts are faced with a challenging environment and limited diet in outer space. Recent studies indicate that the gut microbiome is altered in space simulators and space, but what happens to intestinal microorganisms when astronauts cohabitate in a self-sufficient ecosystem in which they plant and cook food is unclear. Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSSs) are ideal devices to investigate the above issues because they are closed and self-sufficient. Four healthy Chinese subjects cohabitated in a confined BLSS for 60 days, during which their physical parameters and energy/nutrient intake were recorded. We performed a metagenome-wide association study (MWAS) on 55 shotgun-sequenced fecal samples longitudinally obtained from the subjects. Alterations occurred in the gut microbial composition and function, and their relationships with energy/nutrient intake were explored.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Energy/Nutrient Intake in a Confined Bioregenerative Life Support System

Chen

Wang

Hao

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Furthermore, maintaining positive emotions can alleviate negative effects of stress by reducing the inflammatory response (Fredrickson 2004). Although the crewmembers seemed not to experience psychological distress in the controlled environment (Hao et al 2019), Mars 500 has reported symptoms of depression in 93% of mission weeks in a 520-day ground space simulation experiment (Basner et al 2013, Basner et al 2014, and found serum serotonin significantly elevated in the mid-late stage of the mission (Wang et al 2014). Serotonin plays an important role in regulating stress (Christine and C Rob 2007) and enhancing psycho-physiological resistance to chronic stress (Grippo et al 2005, Porter et al 2004, Storey et al 2006.…”

Section: And Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a good experimental model for studying the effects of space capsules on human systemic microorganisms and immune disorders. LP1 has the following characteristics: (1) It is a closed experimental system with no material exchange with the outside world, which is beneficial to maintain environment microorganisms stable in the system; (2) Weekly disinfection effectively prevents microbial reproduction and provides a semi-sterile environment for the crewmembers (Sun et al 2016); (3) Crewmembers work according to a fixed schedule and maintain a good psychological situation (Hao et al 2019). We suspect that long-term living in this semi-sterile environment will reduce cremembers' exposure of environment microorganisms, which may cause salivary microbial change and oral inflammatory response reduce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of long-term closed environment on human saliva microbiota and salivary cytokines

Zhu

Hao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Compared with the normal environment, the microbiota in controlled closed cabins such as space capsules, Lunar/Mars bases have changed. To ensure the health of crewmembers, it is necessary to understand the effects of these changes on human symbiotic microorganisms and immunity. In this study, the experimental platform Lunar Palace 1 with a similar closed and controlled environment was used to research the effects of changed microbial exposure on human saliva microbiota and salivary cytokines. This paper studied on four crewmembers who participated in the third phase of the Lunar Palace 365 experiment, analyzing the dynamic changes of saliva microbiota and salivary cytokines, and further studying the correlation between salivary cytokines and highly abundant genera. According to our data, the crewmembers saliva microbiota and salivary cytokines fluctuated smoothly throughout the whole experiment. Although a part of microbes increased or decreased some times, they recovered quickly after leaving the controlled environment. The level of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α; in crewmembers saliva decreased from normal environment to the controlled environment, showing reduced levels of oral inflammatory response in crewmembers. In addition, although there were significant individual differences in crewmembers saliva microbiota, sharing living space reduced the difference. Furthermore, the level of TNF-α; showed a consistent positive correlation with the abundance of Actinomyces and Rothia in the controlled environment, indicating healthy individuals oral mucosal barrier may be sensitive to changes in saliva microbiota. According to the result, semi-sterile environments in controlled closed cabins did not cause persistent changes in human saliva microbiota and oral immunity. Besides, it provides a new idea for future research on the impact of the controlled environment on crewmembers health, and provides guidance for studying the effect of semi-sterile environments on human immunity based on saliva microbiota.

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Physiological phenotypes and urinary metabolites associated with the psychological changes of healthy human: A study in ‘‘lunar palace 365”

et al. 2020

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Effects of long term isolation on the emotion change of “Lunar Palace 365” crewmembers

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Energy/Nutrient Intake in a Confined Bioregenerative Life Support System

Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Energy/Nutrient Intake in a Confined Bioregenerative Life Support System

Effects of long-term closed environment on human saliva microbiota and salivary cytokines

Physiological phenotypes and urinary metabolites associated with the psychological changes of healthy human: A study in ‘‘lunar palace 365”

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