Effects of long-term oral administration of DDT on nonhuman primates

Takayama, Seiji; Sieber, S. M.; Dalgard, Dan W.; Thorgeirsson, Unnur P.; Adamson, Richard H.

doi:10.1007/s004320050266

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Long-term oral administration of DDT to nonhuman primates was reported to result in hepatic toxicity, and a few malignant and benign tumours at various sites were also found at an incidence that was of borderline statistical significance (70). In the absence of tumors in the controls, the few tumors observed may be considered to be biologically significant, thus confirming the carcinogenic effect observed in rodents (71).…”

Section: Experimental Evidence Of Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 66%

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): ubiquity, persistence, and risks.

Turusov

Rakitsky²,

Tomatis³

2002

Environ Health Perspect

548

232

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Due to uncontrolled use for several decades, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), probably the best known and most useful insecticide in the world, has damaged wildlife and might have negative effects on human health. This review gives a brief history of the use of DDT in various countries and presents the results of epidemiologic and experimental studies of carcinogenesis. Even though its use has been prohibited in most countries for ecologic considerations, mainly because of its negative impact on wildlife, it is still used in some developing countries for essential public health purposes, and it is still produced for export in at least three countries. Due to its stability and its capacity to accumulate in adipose tissue, it is found in human tissues, and there is now not a single living organism on the planet that does not contain DDT. The possible contribution of DDT to increasing the risks for cancers at various sites and its possible role as an endocrine disruptor deserve further investigation. Although there is convincing experimental evidence for the carcinogenicity of DDT and of its main metabolites DDE and DDD, epidemiologic studies have provided contrasting or inconclusive, although prevailingly negative, results. The presence and persistence of DDT and its metabolites worldwide are still problems of great relevance to public health. Efficient pesticides that do not have the negative properties of DDT, together with the development of alternative methods to fight malaria, should be sought with the goal of completely banning DDT.

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Section: Experimental Evidence Of Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 66%

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): ubiquity, persistence, and risks.

Turusov

Rakitsky²,

Tomatis³

2002

Environ Health Perspect

548

232

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“…In animal, experimental studies confirmed that DDT causes hyperactivity, tremor, and seizures (Rogan and Chen, 2005). The compound is carcinogenic in non-human primates in mice and rats, mainly causing liver tumours (Takayama, 1999;Smith, 2001). In human, DDT use has been considered generally safe.…”

Section: Human Health Risk From Ddt Usementioning

confidence: 96%

Insecticides for Vector-Borne Diseases: Current Use, Benefits, Hazard and Resistance

Himeidan¹,

Temu²,

Kweka³

2012

Insecticides - Advances in Integrated Pest Management

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“…In cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys exposed to 20 mg p,p'-DDT/kg b.w. per day for 130 months (Takayama et al, 1999) fatty changes in the liver were observed in 13 of 24 and 5 of 17 individuals in the treated and the control groups, respectively.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to DDT as an undesirable substance in animal feed

2006

EFS2

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European countries for most uses in the early 1970s. The use of DDT as a pesticide has been very restrictive since 1981 and banned since 1986 in the EU. Although being banned in most countries worldwide, DDT is still used for vector control especially in areas with endemic malaria, and extended use was recently recommended by WHO for indoor residual spraying to control malaria.Because of the lipophilic properties and persistence in the environment, DDΤ and related compounds are bioaccumulated and biomagnified along the food chain. DDT is included in the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 1 and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution protocol on POPs (CLRTAP-POP).DDT is readily absorbed in humans and animals; the half-life for DDT varies from one month in rats to four years in humans. In animals and humans DDE is generally more persistent than DDT. DDT and related compounds are transferred to milk and egg and accumulate in domestic animals and fish. DDT has low acute toxicity to mammals and most bird species.The main target organs are the nervous system and the liver. It also affects hormonal tissues, reproduction, fetal development and the immune system. DDT including p,p'-DDE and DDD cause tumours mainly in the liver of experimental animals and are mostly negative in In its evaluation of DDT, the CONTAM Panel examined occurrence data to assess the levels that are currently found in the environment and in food and feed. Feed materials of animal origin, especially fish derived products, are in general more contaminated than feed materials of plant origin. In feed samples of animal origin the metabolite p,p'-DDE normally represents more than 50 % of sum of DDT. A considerable lower contribution of p,p'-DDE to the sum of DDT may indicate recent use of DDT. Samples of plant origin are generally dominated by the parent compound p,p'-DDT. Feed commodities including fish derived products generally contain levels in the low μg/kg range and thus are far below those that have been found to cause adverse effects in fish and domestic animals. However, it can not be excluded that elevated levels may be found in feed commodities that originate from areas where DDT has recently been or still is used.Despite its presence in the environment, many foodstuffs and animal feed, the data show a considerable decline of up to 90 % in human exposure to DDT and related compounds over the past three decades. Food of animal origin is the major source of human exposure and recent studies performed in some EU Member States indicate a mean dietary intake for adults and children of 5 -30 ng/kg b.w. per day. This exposure level is more than two orders of magnitude below the PTDI of 0.01 mg/kg b.w.

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Effects of long-term oral administration of DDT on nonhuman primates

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): ubiquity, persistence, and risks.

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): ubiquity, persistence, and risks.

Insecticides for Vector-Borne Diseases: Current Use, Benefits, Hazard and Resistance

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to DDT as an undesirable substance in animal feed

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