Effects of long-term restricted feeding on plasma leptin, hepatic leptin expression and leptin receptor expression in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Trombley, Susanne; Maugars, Gersende; Kling, Peter; Björnsson, Björn Thrándur; Schmitz, Monika

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.10.001

Cited by 101 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Highly expressed LEPROT was also detected in testis of other fish species (31,32,39,57,61). In teleost fish, cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system and in the gonads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadal transcriptomic analysis of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco): identification of sex-related genes and genetic markers

Lü

Luan

Zhang

et al. 2014

Physiological Genomics

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Gonadal transcriptomic analysis of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco): identification of sex-related genes and genetic markers. Physiol Genomics 46: 798 -807, 2014. First published September 2, 2014; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00088.2014.-Yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) has been recognized as a vital freshwater aquaculture species in East and Southeast Asia. In addition to its commercial interest, it is also attracted much attention because of its value in studying sex-determination mechanisms. A comprehensive gonadal transcriptome analysis is believed to provide a resource for genome annotation, candidate gene identification, and molecular marker development. Herein, we performed a de novo assembly of yellow catfish gonad transcriptome by high-throughput Illumina sequencing. A total of 82,123 contigs were obtained, ranging from 351 to 21,268 bp, and N50 of 2,329 bp. Unigenes of 21,869 in total were identified. Of these, 229 and 1,188 genes were found to be specifically expressed in XY gonad tissue for 1 yr and 2 yr old yellow catfish, respectively; correspondingly, 51 and 40 genes were identified in XX gonad tissue at those two stages. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis were conducted and classified all contigs into different categories. A large number of unigenes involved in sex determination were identified, as well as microsatellites and SNP variants. The expression patterns of sex-related genes were then validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) suggesting the high reliability of RNA-Seq results. In this study, the transcriptome of yellow catfish gonad was first sequenced, assembled, and characterized; it provides a valuable genomic resource for better understanding of yellow catfish sex determination as well as development of molecular markers, thereby assisting in the production of monosex yellow catfish for aquaculture. sex-related; gene expression; transcriptome sequencing YELLOW CATFISH (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) has been recognized as a vital freshwater aquaculture species in East and Southeast Asia. In addition to its commercial interest, it has also attracted much attention because of its value in the study of dimorphism and sex-determination mechanisms. Genetically, yellow catfish harbors an XX/XY system (38). The sexual growth dimorphism favors males in this species; males of yellow catfish can be up to 30 -50% larger than female siblings under the same breeding condition in the first year, and one to two times larger than females in the second year (38). Thus, knowing the underpinnings of sex determination and sex dimorphism would help develop methods to achieve monosex consisting production (9) to meet the increasing demand of the aquaculture market.The gonad is the primary organ presenting morphological signs of sexual dimorphism. It has bipotential fates to form either ovary or testis depending on a sex determination cue in many fish species; the development of gonad is referred as sex differentiation. Gene expression between sexes has a great portion of difference in gonad...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadal transcriptomic analysis of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco): identification of sex-related genes and genetic markers

Lü

Luan

Zhang

et al. 2014

Physiological Genomics

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“…In contrast to what is observed in mammals, our findings identify teleost leptin A as a novel hyperglycemic factor critical for meeting the energy requirements of SW adaptation. Although circulating leptin A levels were not measured due to lack of homologous antisera, previous studies in fishes have shown that increases in the expression of liver lepa during fasting correlate with circulating hormone titer (Trombley et al 2012). The liver is the primary site for leptin A production in perciform fishes and hence the source of circulating hormone (Won et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role for leptin in promoting glucose mobilization during acute hyperosmotic stress in teleost fishes

Baltzegar

Reading

Douros

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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Osmoregulation is critical for survival in all vertebrates, yet the endocrine regulation of this metabolically expensive process is not fully understood. Specifically, the function of leptin in the regulation of energy expenditure in fishes, and among ectotherms, in general, remains unresolved. In this study, we examined the effects of acute salinity transfer (72 h) and the effects of leptin and cortisol on plasma metabolites and hepatic energy reserves in the euryhaline fish, the tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Transfer to 2/3 seawater (23 ppt) significantly increased plasma glucose, amino acid, and lactate levels relative to those in the control fish. Plasma glucose levels were positively correlated with amino acid levels (R 2 Z0.614), but not with lactate levels. The mRNA expression of liver leptin A (lepa), leptin receptor (lepr), and hormone-sensitive and lipoprotein lipases (hsl and lpl) as well as triglyceride content increased during salinity transfer, but plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride levels remained unchanged. Both leptin and cortisol significantly increased plasma glucose levels in vivo, but only leptin decreased liver glycogen levels. Leptin decreased the expression of liver hsl and lpl mRNAs, whereas cortisol significantly increased the expression of these lipases. These findings suggest that hepatic glucose mobilization into the blood following an acute salinity challenge involves both glycogenolysis, induced by leptin, and subsequent gluconeogenesis of free amino acids. This is the first study to report that teleost leptin A has actions that are functionally distinct from those described in mammals acting as a potent hyperglycemic factor during osmotic stress, possibly in synergism with cortisol. These results suggest that the function of leptin may have diverged during the evolution of vertebrates, possibly reflecting differences in metabolic regulation between poikilotherms and homeotherms.

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“…Long-term fasting in the anadromous Arctic charr is associated with downregulation of metabolic enzyme activity and upregulation of leptin A1 and SOCS expression in the liver also supported by the presence of the Lep receptor (LepR) gene in this organ in several fish species Rønnestad et al, 2010;Tinoco et al, 2012;Trombley et al, 2012).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mean ± s.e.m. hepatosomatic index (HSI; %), liver glycogen concentrations (µmolg been reported in Atlantic salmon (Rønnestad et al, 2010;Trombley et al, 2012), whereas a reduced liver Lep expression with fasting has been reported in goldfish (Carassius auratus) (Tinoco et al, 2012) and striped bass (Morone saxatilis) (Won et al, 2012), and no change with prolonged fasting in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Huising et al, 2006). The reason for these differences is not known, but they could relate to the degree of emaciation of the fish used in the different experiments, and interspecific differences in metabolic responses to an imposed fast.…”

Section: A Role Of Leptin In Liver Metabolism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to mammals, in which Lep is produced mainly in adipose tissue (Masuzaki et al, 1995), Lep is produced in numerous tissues in fish, including the liver (Wong et al, 2007;Kurokawa and Murashita, 2009;Rønnestad et al, 2010;Tinoco et al, 2012;Trombley et al, 2012). Hepatic LepA1 and LepA2 expression increased towards the end of a 7week period of feed restriction in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Trombley et al, 2012) and during the latter part of a 75day period of feed deprivation in Arctic charr (Frøiland et al, 2012). Increased liver LepA1 expression was observed without any change in plasma Lep concentrations (Frøiland et al, 2012;Kling et al, 2012), indicating a paracrine role for Lep in nutrient processing and regulation of endogenous energy reserves in the liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term fasting in the anadromous Arctic charr is associated with down-regulation of metabolic enzyme activity and up-regulation of leptin A1 and SOCS expression in the liver.

Jørgensen

Martinsen

Strøm

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe life strategy of the anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) includes several months of voluntary fasting during overwintering in freshwater, leading to emaciation prior to seawater migration in spring. In this study we compared changes in condition, substrate utilization and liver metabolism between captive anadromous charr subjected to food deprivation during late winter and spring, and conspecifics fed in excess. In March, nine out of the 10 sampled fed fish had not eaten, indicating that they were in a voluntary anorexic state. In June, the fed fish were eating and all had higher body mass, condition factor and adiposity than in March. In fasted fish there were only small decreases in body mass, condition factor and adiposity between March and May, but all these parameters decreased markedly from May to June. The fasted fish were depleted in fat and glycogen in June, had suppressed activity of hepatic enzymes involved in lipid metabolism (G6PDH and HOAD) and seemed to rely on proteinderived glucose as a major energy source. This was associated with upregulated liver gene expression of leptin A1, leptin A2, SOCS1, SOCS2 and SOCS3, and reduced IGF-I expression. In an in vitro study with liver slices it was shown that recombinant rainbow trout leptin stimulated SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression, but not SOCS2, IGF-I or genes of enzymes involved in lipid (G6PDH) and amino acid (AspAT) metabolism. It is concluded that liver leptin interacts with SOCS in a paracrine fashion to suppress lipolytic pathways and depress metabolism when fat stores are depleted. Supplementary material available online at

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Effects of long-term restricted feeding on plasma leptin, hepatic leptin expression and leptin receptor expression in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Cited by 101 publications

References 45 publications

Gonadal transcriptomic analysis of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco): identification of sex-related genes and genetic markers

Gonadal transcriptomic analysis of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco): identification of sex-related genes and genetic markers

Role for leptin in promoting glucose mobilization during acute hyperosmotic stress in teleost fishes

Long-term fasting in the anadromous Arctic charr is associated with down-regulation of metabolic enzyme activity and up-regulation of leptin A1 and SOCS expression in the liver.

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