Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Abstract

Abstract. This study evaluated the influence of long-term simulated microgravity on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in the plasma and lung tissues of rhesus macaque (-10°C head-down tilting). Fifteen healthy male rhesus macaques were randomly divided into groups 1 (control, n=5), groups 2 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks, n=5) and groups 3 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks and recover from 4 weeks, n=5). Oxidative stress was evaluated by critical SOD, GSH, H 2 O 2 in plasma and SOD, GSH in lung tissues. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological structure changes of pulmonary tissues. CAT, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX1, GPX4, GPX7, PRDX1, HMOX1, ALOX5 and DUOX1 mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. GSH concentration was significantly decreased, whereas H 2 O 2 level was significantly increased in group 2 compared with group 1 and group 3. Compared to group 1, histopathological examination revealed alveolar septal thickening, and alveolar and interstitial lymphocytic infiltration in group 2 and group 3 and the pathological changes in group 3 were smaller than those in group 2. Group 2 and group 3 showed significant up-regulation of SOD3 gene compared with group 1 by real-time PCR. In a long-term simulated microgravity environment, systemic antioxidant level of GSH was reduced but an oxidative stress marker of H 2 O 2 was increased. Meanwhile, long-term simulated microgravity caused lung injury and induced the mRNA of SOD3 expression in lung tissues. But oxidant stress is not a major factor involved in the development of lung damage under simulated microgravity. Further study still clarifies the mechanism about the lung injury under microgravity.

Systematically Characterize the Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Mechanism of Lignans from S. chinensis Based on In-Vivo Ingredient Analysis and Target-Network Pharmacology Strategy by UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS

“…The level of MDA in the plasma indirectly reflects the severity of free radical attack on body cells. Glutathione, CAT, HMOX1, and SOD are all important antioxidants in organisms, and they have several important physiological functions, such as scavenging free radicals, and maintaining normal cell growth and cellular immunity [63,65,66,68,69]. Therefore, the levels of these compounds constitute an important standard by which the antioxidant ability of an organism can be evaluated.…”