Effects of Long-Term Visual Display Terminal Usage on Visual Functions

Yeow, P.T.; Taylor, Steve

doi:10.1097/00006324-199112000-00004

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…It is difficult to account for the report of increased blur when viewing the text since at least to the experimenters, the reading material, which was presented on a flat screen monitor, appeared to be reasonably clear. Previous studies have noted only minimal differences in either the accommodation or vergence responses between hard copy and computer viewing 4,5,9–11 . As noted earlier, non‐visual effects may play a role here, with printed materials being the format that subjects are most familiar with when reading, even in this relatively young population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

A comparison of symptoms after viewing text on a computer screen and hardcopy

Chu¹,

Rosenfield²,

Portello³

et al. 2010

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

101

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

A comparison of symptoms after viewing text on a computer screen and hardcopy

Chu¹,

Rosenfield²,

Portello³

et al. 2010

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

101

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“…Similarly, Yeow and Taylor 57 also observed no significant change in NPC after short term VDT use (up to 2.35 h of continuous use or an average of 4 h intermittent use in a normal working situation). In a subsequent longitudinal study, Yeow and Taylor 58 monitored NPC, near horizontal heterophoria and associated phoria (AP), i.e. the prism to eliminate fixation disparity, over a 2‐year period in both VDT and non‐VDT workers in the same office environment.…”

Section: Oculomotor Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer vision syndrome: a review of ocular causes and potential treatments

Rosenfield

2011

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

528

405

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Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is the combination of eye and vision problems associated with the use of computers. In modern western society the use of computers for both vocational and avocational activities is almost universal. However, CVS may have a significant impact not only on visual comfort but also occupational productivity since between 64% and 90% of computer users experience visual symptoms which may include eyestrain, headaches, ocular discomfort, dry eye, diplopia and blurred vision either at near or when looking into the distance after prolonged computer use. This paper reviews the principal ocular causes for this condition, namely oculomotor anomalies and dry eye. Accommodation and vergence responses to electronic screens appear to be similar to those found when viewing printed materials, whereas the prevalence of dry eye symptoms is greater during computer operation. The latter is probably due to a decrease in blink rate and blink amplitude, as well as increased corneal exposure resulting from the monitor frequently being positioned in primary gaze. However, the efficacy of proposed treatments to reduce symptoms of CVS is unproven. A better understanding of the physiology underlying CVS is critical to allow more accurate diagnosis and treatment. This will enable practitioners to optimize visual comfort and efficiency during computer operation.

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“…It has been estimated that from 23% to 90% of computer users who work several hours on the computer have complaints of visual symptoms (2)(3)(4). The most common visual symptoms among people who use computers for prolonged periods and steadily are eyestrain, dry eyes, tired eyes, eye pain, redness, irritation, eye fatigue, color perception change, light sensitivity, decrease visual deficiency, and headaches (5)(6)(7). Uncorrected vision problems, such as farsightedness and astigmatism, can be major contributing factors to computer-related eyestrain (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer Vision Syndrome in Eleven to Eighteen-Year-Old Students in Qazvin

Khalaj¹,

Ebrahimi²,

Shojai³

et al. 2015

Biotech Health Sci

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Background: Prolonged use of computers can lead to complications such as eye strain, eye and head aches, double and blurred vision, tired eyes, irritation, burning and itching eyes, eye redness, light sensitivity, dry eyes, muscle strains, and other problems. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate visual problems and major symptoms, and their associations among computer users, aged between 11 and 18 years old, residing in the Qazvin city of Iran, during year 2010. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 642 secondary to pre university students who had referred to the eye clinic of Buali hospital of Qazvin during year 2013. A questionnaire consisting of demographic information and 26 questions on visual effects of the computer was used to gather information. Participants answered all questions and then underwent complete eye examinations and in some cases cycloplegic refraction. Visual acuity (VA) was measured with a logMAR in six meters. Refraction errors were determined using an auto refractometer (Potece and Heine retinoscope). The collected data was then analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. Results:The results of this study indicated that 63.86% of the subjects had refractive errors. Refractive errors were significantly different in children of different genders (P < 0.05). The most common complaints associated with the continuous use of computers were eyestrain, eye pain, eye redness, headache, and blurred vision. The most prevalent (81.8%) eye-related problem in computer users was eyestrain and the least prevalent was dry eyes (7.84%). In order to reduce computer related problems 54.2% of the participants suggested taking enough rest, 37.9% recommended use of computers only for necessary tasks, while 24.4% and 19.1% suggested the use of monitor shields and proper working distance, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that using computers for prolonged periods of time can lead to eye-related problems such as eyestrain, headaches, weak and tired eyes, blurred and double vision, weak vision, burning itching and watery eyes, etc. To correct and reduce these problems the following precautions may be helpful, using computer shields (anti-reflex glasses), proper computer workplace illumination, enough rest after working with computers, appropriate viewing distances during computer work, placing computers far from bright objects and adjusting a line of vision with the top of the monitor.

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Effects of Long-Term Visual Display Terminal Usage on Visual Functions

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

A comparison of symptoms after viewing text on a computer screen and hardcopy

A comparison of symptoms after viewing text on a computer screen and hardcopy

Computer vision syndrome: a review of ocular causes and potential treatments

Computer Vision Syndrome in Eleven to Eighteen-Year-Old Students in Qazvin

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