Effects of Low-Dose EPA-E on Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile, Lipoprotein(a), Platelet Aggregation, Viscosity, and Platelet and Vessel Wall Interaction in NIDDM

Westerveld, H. T.; Graaf, Jacques C. de; Breugel, H. H. F. I. Van; Akkerman, J. W. N.; Sixma, JJ; Erkelens, D. W.; Banga, Jan Dirk

doi:10.2337/diacare.16.5.683

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…10 g fish oil per day or more. Recent studies using low doses of n-3 LC-PUFA, ranging from 1 to 2 g/day, did not report deteriorations in glucose control [22,[38][39][40]. Our experiments clearly showed that moderate n-3 FA intake improved hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in Psammomys obesus gerbils.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Overproduction of intestinal lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein B-48 in Psammomys obesus: impact of dietary n-3 fatty acids

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis Emerging evidence underscores the important role of the small intestine in the pathogenesis of dyslipidaemia in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We therefore tested the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acids improve the various events governing intra-enterocyte lipid transport in Psammomys obesus gerbils, a model of nutritionally induced metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods Experiments were carried out on Psammomys obesus gerbils that were assigned to an isocaloric control diet and a diet rich in fish oil for 6 weeks. Results Increased dietary intake of fish oil lowered body weight and improved hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. It simultaneously decreased de novo intestinal lipogenesis and lipid esterification of the major lipid classes, e.g. triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters, particularly in insulinresistant and diabetic animals. Accordingly, lessened activity of monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol acyltransferase was recorded. As assessed in cultured jejunal explants incubated with either [ 14 C]-oleic acid or [ 35 S]-methionine, fish oil feeding resulted in diminished triglyceride-rich lipoprotein assembly and apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 biogenesis, respectively. The mechanisms did not involve apo B-48 transcription or alter the gene expression and activity of the critical microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Rather, the suppressed production of apo B-48 by n-3 fatty acids was associated with intracellular proteasome-mediated posttranslational downregulation in insulin-resistant and diabetic animals. Conclusions/interpretation Our data highlight the beneficial impact of n-3 fatty acids on adverse effects of the metabolic syndrome and emphasise their influence on intestinal lipid transport, an effect which may limit postprandial lipaemia and the risk of atherosclerosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Overproduction of intestinal lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein B-48 in Psammomys obesus: impact of dietary n-3 fatty acids

et al. 2006

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“…Data from six additional trials could not be pooled. Five of these reported no significant change in TC [23,29,45,52,53]; one trial reported an increase [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from five additional trials could not be pooled. Four of these trials reported a reduction in TG after n-3 PUFA supplementation [23][24][25]52], while one reported no change [53] (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from six additional trials could not be pooled. Three of these reported an increase in LDL-cholesterol [23,25,53] and three reported no change [24,45,52] (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11). Data from four additional trials could not be pooled, but all reported no change in apoB [25,46,52,53] ( Table 2).…”

Section: Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Subfractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meta-analysis of the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipoproteins and other emerging lipid cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis To determine the effects of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on established and emerging lipid and lipoprotein cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing dietary or non-dietary intake of n-3 PUFA with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes by searching databases from 1966 to December 2006. Changes in the following variables were recorded triacylglycerol; total cholesterol; HDL, LDL and VLDL and their subfractions; lipid ratios; apolipoproteins; and cholesterol particle sizes. Results There were 23 trials on non-dietary supplementation, involving 1,075 subjects with a mean treatment duration of 8.9 weeks, with sufficient data to permit pooling. Compared with placebo, n-3 PUFA had a statistically significant effect on four outcomes, reducing levels of (1) triacylglycerol (18 trials, 969 subjects) by 25% (mean 0.45 mmol/l; 95% CI −0.58 to −0.32; p<0.00001); (2) VLDL-cholesterol (7 trials, 238 subjects) by 36% (0.07 mmol/l; 95% CI −0.13 to 0.00; p=0.04); and (3) VLDL-triacylglycerol (6 trials, 178 subjects) by 39.7% (0.44 mmol/l; 95% CI −0.83 to −0.05; p= 0.03); while slightly increasing LDL (16 trials, 565 subjects) by 5.7% (0.11 mmol/l; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.22; p=0.05). There were no significant effects on total cholesterol, apolipoproteins, lipid subfractions or ratios. Conclusions/interpretation In addition to recognised triacylglycerol-lowering effects, n-3 PUFA supplementation decreases VLDL-cholesterol and VLDL-triacylglycerol, but may have an adverse effect on LDL-cholesterol. Larger and longer term clinical trials are required to conclusively establish the effect of n-3 PUFA on cardiovascular risk markers and outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients.

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N-3 to n-6 fatty acids for managing hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis: Is there evidence?

Rubba

2001

Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.

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IntroductionThe aim of this review is to cover the role of fatty acids (FA) in atherosclerosis and related disorders from the perspective of a clinician. It will therefore be almost exclusively focussed on human data. It will also necessarily reflect the experience gained at an institution located in the Mediterranean area, which devoted more than 30 years of nutritional research in relation to cardiovascular disease under the guidance of Mario Mancini. The Mediterranean area remains a southern relative of the industrialized countries of northern Europe. It has become integrated in the common cultural structure of the European Union unlike Magreb to the south and some countries such as Albania to the east [1-3]. FA and hyperlipidemiaThe relationship between dietary FA, serum cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been first demonstrated by cross cultural comparisons [4,5]. The Seven Countries Study, started in the '60s, showed that cohorts of middle-aged men from South Europe (Italy, Greece, Yugoslavia) had a daily FA intake in the range of 24-27% of total energy (approximately 9% of saturated FA, 11% of monounsaturated FA, 3% of polyunsaturated FA). These figures were markedly less than those of population samples from northern Europe (such as Finland or the Netherlands), whose total fat intake was 34-38% (approximately 20% of saturated FA, 12% of monounsaturated FA, 3-5% of polyunsaturated FA). Circulating cholesterol and death rates from all causes or CHD were lower in cohorts from the Mediterranean area [4,5]. In a large study of several population samples representative of different Italian regions, a more frequent consumption of foods high in saturated FA was associated with higher plasma cholesterol [6]. retard early relapse in ulcerative colitis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 41(10) (1996) 2087-2094. [72] H.

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Effects of Low-Dose EPA-E on Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile, Lipoprotein(a), Platelet Aggregation, Viscosity, and Platelet and Vessel Wall Interaction in NIDDM

Abstract: Purified EPA-E in doses of 900 and 1800 mg reduces Platelet-activating factor-induced platelet aggregation without negatively affecting glycemic control. Low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated in the 1800-mg group.

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

Overproduction of intestinal lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein B-48 in Psammomys obesus: impact of dietary n-3 fatty acids

Overproduction of intestinal lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein B-48 in Psammomys obesus: impact of dietary n-3 fatty acids

Meta-analysis of the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipoproteins and other emerging lipid cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes

N-3 to n-6 fatty acids for managing hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis: Is there evidence?

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