Effects of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on Serum Values of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Patients with Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Abstract

Background: In patients with T2DM, the therapeutic effects of conservative treatment are quite limited, and there is a need for additional therapeutic procedures to achieve the desired satisfactory and solid effect. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has an anti-inflammatory effect, and is used to heal lesions. This mechanism is realized through inhibition of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), so it can be used in the treatment of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of level laser therapy (LLLT) on serum IL-6 values in patients with periodontitis and T2DM. Methods: Patients at age between 35-60 years old, with chronic periodontitis (CH) where the clinical loss of attachment (CAL) was ≥4 mm therefore covering at least 50 % of affected teeth. In this study we included 80 patients, divided into two groups: 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2TDM) treated with conservative periodontal treatment supplemented with laser therapy (LLLT), group A, and 40 patients with 2TDM, conservatively treated without LLLT. therapy i.e. group B. The laser light was applied to the gingiva in separate quadrants in 5 sessions for the next five days in a row. Blood samples were taken from all subjects at the first treatment, then in 6 weeks and 3 months after treatment, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured. The blood samples in the test tubes remained for about 30 minutes and were then distributed in a biochemical laboratory, where they were centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The serum was separated from the test tube and transferred to the eppendorph. All serum samples were stored at -80 ° C until complete analysis and determination of IL-6, according to the standardized methodology. Results: In group A, on the first examination serum IL-6 levels varies in the interval 11.54 ± 1.11 pg / mL, after 6 weeks of therapy the values range between 11.26 ± 0.77 pg / mL, and after 3 months of therapy levels oscillate at intervals of 11.02 ± 0.67 pg / mL. In group B the findings are similar. At the first examination, the serum IL-6 values were 11.56 ± 0.81 pg / mL, after 6 weeks of therapy ranged from 11.59 ± 0.71 pg / mL, and after 3 months of therapy levels were recorded at intervals. 11.41 ± 0.78 pg /mL. The serum IL-6 value after 6 weeks of therapy in patients in group B for Z = -2.04 and p <0.05 (p = 0.04) was significantly higher than in patients in group A, while after 3 months of therapy in patients in group B for Z = -2.42 and p <0.05 (p = 0.02) is significantly higher than the value in patients in group A. Conclusion: LLLT resulted in significantly reduced serum IL-6 values in patients with periodontitis and T2DM after 6 weeks and 3 months of therapy in which conservative treatment was supplemented with LLLT.

Clinical Significance of Inflammatory Factors, Osteocalcin, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Drug Treatment of Severe Periodontitis

“…At the same time, they also stimulate the host and activation of in ammatory cells and immune cells, which triggered systemic in ammation and immune response, leading to upregulation of in ammatory mediators' level and acute phase proteins level [12]. Il-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 were all in ammatory mediators that regulated the immune response in the host body to microbial infection and played a central role in the destruction of periodontal tissues [13][14][15]. In ammatory indicators such as IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 with an abnormal upward trend would aggravate the injury degree of vascular endothelial cells and further aggravate the in ammatory response of periodontal tissues, which may reduce the e ect of drug treatment and increase the risk of treatment failure.…”

Diabetes in spotlight: current knowledge and perspectives of photobiomodulation utilization

“…A total of 16 studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of PBM on chronic periodontitis in humans ( 34 – 40 , 141 – 149 ) ( Table 8 ).…”

The Probable Protective Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Immunologic Factor’s mRNA Expression Level in the Lung: An Extended COVID-19 Preclinical and Clinical Meta-analysis

“…10 The photo-biological effects of PBMT and their interference with the immune system are very well known. [11][12][13][14] Studies also reported the effect of PBMT on cytokine (IL-4, IL-10, or IL-13) and chemokine (CCL2, CXCL10, and TNF-α) production and elucidate the mechanism via histone modification of cytokine expression in monocytes, as well as enhanced cytokine and chemokine expression in mRNA and protein levels. 15 The effect of PBMT on proinflammatory cytokines or other mediators and their important role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) has also been reported.…”