Effects of low temperature on the cold start gaseous emissions from light duty vehicles fuelled by ethanol-blended gasoline

Clairotte, Michaël; Adam, Thomas; Zardini, Alessandro; Manfredi, Urbano; Martini, Giorgio; Alois, Krasenbrink; Vicet, A.; Tournié, E.; Astorga, Covadonga

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.08.010

Cited by 151 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The ratios were 8-70 (in ppb VOC per ppb NO x ), compared to ∼7 for the precursor experiments. This is higher than those found in gasoline exhaust emission tests and downwind urban areas, typically 0.5-10 ( Clairotte et al, 2013). However, still the NO pathway for RO 2 reactions strongly dominated in the first 45-60 min of each experiment.…”

Section: Soa Mass Yield Of Gasoline Exhaust and Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The legislative VOC emissions have been reduced by a factor of 3-4 from the EURO2 to EURO5 legislative limits. The composition of gasoline exhaust (for example VOC / NO x ratio) varies strongly between gasoline vehicles within the same emission class (Clairotte et al, 2013). The emissions from passenger gasoline vehicles may also contain ammonia which is formed as a reaction product when NO is reduced on catalytic surfaces in catalytic converters (Heeb et al, 2006;Kean et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Gasoline vehicles have recently been pointed out as potentially the main source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in megacities. However, there is a lack of laboratory studies to systematically investigate SOA formation in real-world exhaust. In this study, SOA formation from pure aromatic precursors, idling and cold start gasoline exhaust from three passenger vehicles (EURO2–EURO4) were investigated with photo-oxidation experiments in a 6 m3 smog chamber. The experiments were carried out down to atmospherically relevant organic aerosol mass concentrations. The characterization instruments included a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer and a proton transfer mass spectrometer. It was found that gasoline exhaust readily forms SOA with a signature aerosol mass spectrum similar to the oxidized organic aerosol that commonly dominates the organic aerosol mass spectra downwind of urban areas. After a cumulative OH exposure of ~5 × 106 cm−3 h, the formed SOA was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the primary OA emissions. The SOA mass spectrum from a relevant mixture of traditional light aromatic precursors gave f43 (mass fraction at m/z = 43), approximately two times higher than to the gasoline SOA. However O : C and H : C ratios were similar for the two cases. Classical C6–C9 light aromatic precursors were responsible for up to 60% of the formed SOA, which is significantly higher than for diesel exhaust. Important candidates for additional precursors are higher-order aromatic compounds such as C10 and C11 light aromatics, naphthalene and methyl-naphthalenes. We conclude that approaches using only light aromatic precursors give an incomplete picture of the magnitude of SOA formation and the SOA composition from gasoline exhaust.

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Section: Soa Mass Yield Of Gasoline Exhaust and Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber

et al. 2013

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“…After the introduction of exhaust, additional NO was added to adjust the VOC/NO x ratios to 2.0-5.0 (Table 2), which was within the range of 0.5-10 in gasoline vehicle exhaust and downwind urban areas [31]. There were experiment-to-experiment differences in initial precursor concentrations due to the technical challenges of introducing the same amounts of exhaust into the reactor.…”

Section: Smog Chamber Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ammonia in forming secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust

et al. 2015

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“…Sustainable light alcohols such as methanol and ethanol are interesting alternative fuels, pure or as blend component for spark-ignition (SI) engines 30 [1,2] and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines [3,4]. They offer the potential of CO 2 neutral transport and increased energy security, while ameliorating engine performance and efficiency compared to fossil fuels thanks to a number of interesting properties [5,6].…”

Section: Light Alcohols As Si Engine Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a quasi-dimensional model for methanol and ethanol fueled SI engines

2014

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Methanol and ethanol are promising alternative SI engine fuels. Engine simulation tools could help to unlock the full potential of these fuels. Previous work by the current authors has focused on building submodels to predict the gas dynamics, combustion and knock occurrence in alcohol engines. Here, 10 these building blocks are implemented in a quasi-dimensional engine simulation code, which is subsequently validated against measurements on two engines for various working conditions. The power cycle predictions for varying mixture composition are significantly improved by the introduction of new laminar burning velocity correlations. A comparison of turbulent combustion 15 models indicates that models including thermodiffusive properties perform slightly better than simpler formulations. Finally, a preliminary evaluation of a new knock prediction model for methanol engines confirms useful results can be obtained for quantities relevant to knock. The largest inaccuracies occur for varying equivalence ratios. Including the effects of methanol on 20 evaporation cooling and wall heat transfer might resolve this. The higher heat of vaporization relative to gasoline also required the inclusion of fuel puddling dynamics for a correct prediction of the volumetric efficiency by the breathing cycle model.

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Effects of low temperature on the cold start gaseous emissions from light duty vehicles fuelled by ethanol-blended gasoline

Cited by 151 publications

References 45 publications

Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber

Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber

Role of ammonia in forming secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust

Development and validation of a quasi-dimensional model for methanol and ethanol fueled SI engines

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