Effects of <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> on pathogenic bacteria causing dental caries and gingivitis

<i>Caesalpinia sappan</i>: A promising natural source of antimicrobial agent for inhibition of cariogenic bacteria

“…The heartwood of C. sappan was collected from the local area in Chiang Mai Province of Thailand and identified by the botanist in the botanical herbarium of Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University to obtain the reference voucher numbers (002276). F-EtOH was prepared according to the previous report (20). Briefly, the dried powder of C. sappan heartwood was subjected to fractionated extraction by maceration method using 3 different solvents; hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, respectively.…”

“…As brazilin was previously reported to be the major compound in C. sappan (20), for quantitative determination of the major compound of F-EtOH, the pure brazilin was dissolved in methanol at the final concentration ranges of 0.5-500 µg/mL and used for preparing calibration curve. HPLC analysis was carried out using HPLC Shimadzu CLASS-VP™ model (Kyoto, Japan) and the reversed phase Eurospher 100, i.d.…”

“…The MBC of the test samples was determined according to the method previously described (20). Briefly, the diluted samples were added into the suspension of 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL of the tested bacterial strains in the 96well plates and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO 2 anaerobic chamber for 24 h. Subsequently, the cultures were streaked on blood agar plates and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO 2 anaerobic chamber for 24 h. The lowest concentration in the plates that bacterial growth could not be visible was considered as the MBC.…”

“…From the literature review, there is still lack of deep detail of C. sappan extracts against oral pathogens, particularly on inhibition of the biofilms of such severe pathogens. Our previous study presented that the ethanolic fractionated extract of C. sappan (F-EtOH) showed strong antibacterial activity on these bacteria (20). The current study was aimed to identify the active compound of F-EtOH and compare the antibiofilm activity and cytotoxicity between F-EtOH and its isolated active compound.…”

“…The intensity of red color is depends on the amount of brazilin. The extract of C. sappan heartwood has been reported to have activity against several kinds of bacteria including S. mutans (19,20). While brazilin has also been reported to have inhibition activity against many oral pathogens (14).…”