Effects of macro elements and nitrogen source on biomass accumulation and bacoside A production from adventitious shoot cultures of Bacopa monnieri (L.)

Abstract

The present work deals with optimization of adventitious shoot culture of Bacopa monnieri for the production of biomass and bacoside A and has investigated the effects of macro elements (NH 4 NO 3, KNO 3, CaCl 2, MgSO 4 and KH 2 PO 4 ) and nitrogen source [NH 4 ? /NO 3 -] of Murashige and Skoog (Physiol Plant 15:473-497, 1962) medium (MS) on accumulation of biomass and bacoside A content. Optimum number of adventitious shoots (99.33 shoots explant -1 ), fresh weight (1.841 g) and dry weight (0.150 g) were obtained in the medium with 2.09 strength of NH 4 NO 3 . The highest production of bacoside A content was also recorded in the medium of 2.09 NH 4 NO 3 , which produced 17.935 mg g -1 DW. The number of adventitious shoot biomass and bacoside A content were optimum when the NO 3 -concentration was higher than that of NH 4? . Maximum number of shoots (70.00 shoots explant -1 ), biomass (fresh weight 1.137 g and dry weight 0.080 g) and also bacoside A content (27.106 mg g -1 DW) were obtained at NH 4 ? /NO 3 -ratio of 14.38/37.60 mM. Overall, MS medium supplemented with 2.09 NH 4 NO 3 is recommended for most efficient bacoside A production.

Effects of macroelements and nitrogen source on biomass accumulation and withanolide-A production from cell suspension cultures of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

“…Among the different concentrations of KNO 3 tested, the highest accumulation of biomass was observed in MS medium containing 2.09 strength KNO 3 , which accumulated a biomass of 143.75 g l -1 FW and 14.33 g l -1 DW, as was the maximum amount of withanolide A production, which produced 4.36 mg g -1 DW. These results are in concurrence with those found in Bacopa monnieri (Naik et al 2010) where 2.09 KNO 3, favoured both biomass accumulation and the optimum production of bacoside A. In contrast, 1.09 KNO 3, resulted in the highest accumulation of biomass and the 2.09 strength medium favoured the highest production of ginsenoside from adventitious root suspension cultures of Panax ginseng (Yu et al 2001).…”

Effects of ammonium to nitrate ratio on growth, nitrogen metabolism, photosynthetic efficiency and bioactive phytochemical production ofPrunella vulgaris

“…Nitrogen is usually supplied in the culture medium as a combination of ammonium and nitrate salts, and the ratio of NO À 3 /NH þ 4 influences secondary metabolite formation significantly in various plant cell cultures (Liu et al, 2003). Naik et al (2011) found that adventitious shoot biomass and bacoside A content were optimum when the NO À 3 concentration was higher than that of NH þ 4 and that the highest number of shoots, biomass and bacoside A content were obtained at a NH þ 4 /NO À 3 ratio of 14.38 mM/37.60 mM. Similarly, the dry weight and artemisinin content of Artemisia annua were shown to be maximum when a high concentration of NO À 3 and a low concentration of NH þ 4 were used (Wang & Tan, 2002).…”

“…The content and total yield of RA and total flavonoids, as well as the total yield of UA and OA, increased as NH þ 4 decreased from 100% to 25%, and peaked in the 25/75 (NH þ 4 /NO À 3 ) treatment. However, the exact mechanisms by which such metabolic changes occur is not yet understood (Naik et al, 2011). The biochemical mechanisms involved in the synergistic effects of combined N regimes on growth and secondary metabolism in P. vulgaris should be investigated.…”

“…The ratio of NH þ 4 À N/NO À 3 À N influences not only plant growth but also secondary metabolite formation in cell culture, hairy root culture or soilless culture of various medicinal plants (Lee & Paek, 2012;Liu et al, 2003;Naik et al, 2011;Prasad et al, 2012;Praveen & Murthy, 2013;Wang & Tan 2002). Carbon and nitrogen metabolism and their shifts in primary and secondary metabolites are largely altered by external nitrate availability.…”

Influence of different media, medium strength and carbon sources on adventitious shoot cultures and production of bacoside A in <em>Bacopa monnieri</em>(L.)

“…It is well established that carbohydrate requirements depend upon the stage of culture and may show differences according to the species (Thompson and Thorpe, 1987). In vitro shoot regeneration methods have been established in Brahmi (Praveen et al, 2009;Naik et al, 2010Naik et al, , 2011Naik et al, , 2014. However effects of different media, medium strength and carbon sources on biomass accumulation and production of secondary metabolite in regenerated shoots have not been worked out.…”