Effects of magmatic volatile influx in mafic VMS hydrothermal systems: Evidence from the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus

Martin, Andrew J.; Keith, Manuel; Parvaz, Daniel B.; McDonald, Iain; Boyce, Adrian J.; McFall, Katie; Jenkin, Gawen R.T.; Strauß, Harald; MacLeod, C. J.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119325

Cited by 34 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Frontiers in Earth Science | www.frontiersin.org which reflect a S contribution by igneous host rock leaching (δ 34 S ∼0‰) and thermochemical seawater sulphate reduction (δ 34 S ∼21‰; Shanks, 2001;Ono et al, 2007;Keith et al, 2016b;Martin et al, 2020). In contrast, S globules from Calypso SE and hydrothermal pyrite from Paleochori Bay (Houghton et al, 2019) exhibit negative δ 34 S values ranging from −7.6 to −9.1‰ (Table 4) and −4.4 to −10.8‰, respectively.…”

Section: Sulfur Origin and Sulfidation Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to microbial sulphate reduction at lower fluid temperatures (<150°C), the disproportionation of magmatically derived SO 2 commonly also results in negative δ 34 S values in hydrothermal precipitates (Herzig et al, 1998;Kusakabe et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2004;de Ronde et al, 2011;Martin et al, 2020). Hence, native S globules (S 0 in Eq.…”

Section: Sulfur Origin and Sulfidation Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subduction zone magmas commonly reach volatile saturation during their evolution, leading to a release of volatiles that may contribute significant amounts of metals and metalloids with a volatile affinity (e.g., Cu, Au, As, Sb, Tl, Se, Te) to an overlying hydrothermal system (Yang and Scott, 1996;de Ronde et al, 2011;Seewald et al, 2015;Keith et al, 2018b;Patten et al, 2019;de Ronde et al, 2019;Martin et al, 2020). Similar volatile-rich fluids can be produced by boiling, which is a common process in shallow marine (<1500 mbsl) island arc-related hydrothermal systems (Stoffers et al, 2006;Monecke et al, 2014;Diehl et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, trace element contents and stable isotope variations (e.g. δ 34 S) in pyrite allow us to monitor changes in fluid composition related to processes like fluid boiling and magmatic volatile influx (Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser et al, 2015;Keith et al, 2016a;Keith et al, 2016b;Maslennikov et al, 2017;Martin et al, 2019;Román et al, 2019;Keith et al, 2020;Martin et al, 2020). However, the trace element composition of hydrothermal pyrite in shallow marine hydrothermal systems (<200 mbsl) has not been investigated to date, and hence little is known about the enrichment processes of trace metals and metalloids in these environments (Valsami-Jones et al, 2005;Wu et al, 2016;Houghton et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace Element Signatures in Pyrite and Marcasite From Shallow Marine Island Arc-Related Hydrothermal Vents, Calypso Vents, New Zealand, and Paleochori Bay, Greece

et al. 2021

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Fluid conditions of shallow marine hydrothermal vent sites (<200 mbsl) in island arcs resemble those of subaerial epithermal systems. This leads to a distinct mineralization-style compared to deeper arc/back-arc (>200 mbsl) and mid-ocean ridge-related environments (>2000 mbsl). At Calypso Vents in the Bay of Plenty and Paleochori Bay at the coast of Milos Island, fluids with temperatures <200°C are emitted through volcaniclastic sediments in water depths <200 mbsl. The hydrothermal mineralization from these fluids is dominated by pyrite and marcasite showing diverse textures, including colloform alternations, semi-massive occurrences surrounding detrital grains, vein-type pyrite, and disseminated fine-grained assemblages. Pyrite and marcasite from Calypso SE show elevated concentrations of volatile elements (e.g., As, Sb, Tl, Hg) implying a vapor-rich fluid phase. By contrast, elements like Zn, Ag, and Pb are enriched in hydrothermal pyrite and marcasite from Calypso SW, indicating a high-Cl liquid-dominated fluid discharge. Hence, vapor-liquid element fractionation induced by fluid boiling is preserved in the seafloor mineralization at Calypso Vents. Hydrothermal mineralization at very shallow vent sites (<10 mbsl), like Paleochori Bay, are affected by wave action causing a seasonal migration of the seawater-fluid interface in the sediment cover. The δ34S composition of native S crusts and crystalline S (0.7–6.7‰) is indicative for host rock leaching and thermochemical reduction of seawater sulphate. By contrast, the highly negative δ34S signature of native S globules in sediments (−7.6 to −9.1‰) is related to microbial sulphate reduction or a subordinate magmatic fluid influx. Alunite-jarosite alteration (Paleochori Bay) and a mineral assemblage consisting of orpiment, realgar, and native S (Calypso Vents) may also suggest a contribution by an oxidised (sulphate-rich) low pH fluid of potential magmatic origin. However, fluid boiling is pervasive at Calypso Vents and Paleochori Bay, and the condensation of vapor-rich fluids in a steam-heated environment may produce a similar alteration and mineralization assemblage without a significant magmatic fluid influx, as known from some subaerial epithermal systems.

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Section: Sulfur Origin and Sulfidation Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sulfur Origin and Sulfidation Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace Element Signatures in Pyrite and Marcasite From Shallow Marine Island Arc-Related Hydrothermal Vents, Calypso Vents, New Zealand, and Paleochori Bay, Greece

et al. 2021

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“…In this respect, the Troodos ophiolite of Cyprus is a key exposure: (1) a well-preserved, intact crustal section is exposed, allowing the inspection of the ancient hydrothermal fingerprint in its full extent from rootzone through upflow zones to vents; (2) the most significant evidence for Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) ores in ophiolites being ancient analogs of black smokers comes from Troodos 13,14 . Moreover, negative δ 34 S values measured in sulfides from a few VMS deposits in Troodos suggest magmatic sulfur influx; 15 (3) Troodos is a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) ophiolite, representing BAB-type crust 16,17 and predictably contains conspicuous silicic intrusions, commonly known as plagiogranites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magmatic volatiles episodically flush oceanic hydrothermal systems as recorded by zoned epidote

Fox

Katzir

Bach

et al. 2020

Commun Earth Environ

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Circulation of seawater at oceanic spreading centers extracts heat, drives rock alteration, and transports leached metals to shallower levels of the crust, where they may precipitate and form ore deposits. Crystallization of the lower crust, may exsolve and introduce magmatic volatiles into the seawater-dominant system. However, the role of magmatic volatiles added to the hydrothermal system, including pathways of these fluids are lesser known. Here we present coupled in-situ strontium isotope and rare earth element data of distinct domains in epidote, a common hydrothermal mineral throughout the Troodos ophiolite, to track magmatic fluid input and flow. Epidote crystal domains characterize three distinct strontium isotope-rare earth element signatures—suggesting sequential growth from magma-derived fluids (0.704, negative europium anomalies), rock-buffered fluids (0.7055, positive europium anomalies) and seawater-derived fluids (0.7065, negative cerium anomalies). Epidote records episodic fluxing of magmatic fluids from plagiogranites, through epidosites in the upflow zone and into metal ore deposits.

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Low-temperature silica-rich gold mineralization in mafic VMS systems: evidence from the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus

et al. 2020

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Effects of magmatic volatile influx in mafic VMS hydrothermal systems: Evidence from the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus

Cited by 34 publications

References 88 publications

Trace Element Signatures in Pyrite and Marcasite From Shallow Marine Island Arc-Related Hydrothermal Vents, Calypso Vents, New Zealand, and Paleochori Bay, Greece

Trace Element Signatures in Pyrite and Marcasite From Shallow Marine Island Arc-Related Hydrothermal Vents, Calypso Vents, New Zealand, and Paleochori Bay, Greece

Magmatic volatiles episodically flush oceanic hydrothermal systems as recorded by zoned epidote

Low-temperature silica-rich gold mineralization in mafic VMS systems: evidence from the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus

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