Effects of Magnolol on Impairment of Learning and Memory Abilities Induced by Scopolamine in Mice

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common forms of dementia, is primarily ascribed to the cholinergic deficits and neuronal dysfunction. Magnolol (Mag), a bioactivator extracted from Magnolia officinalis, has protective effects on cholinergic neurons, but the specific mechanism remains unknown. To further evaluate the therapeutic effects of Mag on the learning and memory impairment in a scopolamine (Scop)-induced mouse model, the passive avoidance and the Morris water maze tests, the measurement of the ratio of brain/hippocampus to body weight, activities of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total nitric oxide synthase (total NOS) and the content of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) in hippocampus homogenate as well as the immunefluorescence staining of the AChE positive nerve fibers were performed. Therapeutically treated with Mag, the impaired abilities of learning and memory of the Scop-induced mice were almost restored to the native levels. The restored AChE, total NOS and SOD activities and the MDA level were observed, with a relatively normal density of AChE positive nerve fibers in hippocampus CA3 molecular layer. The improving efficacy of Mag on learning and memory impairment induced by Scop is dose-dependent, indicating that Mag has potential neuroprotective effects against neuronal impairment and memory dysfunction induced by Scop in mice. The underlying mechanisms may be associated with the anti-oxidative effects of Mag and its protective effects on hippocampus cholinergic neurons.

The Potential Antidepressant Effect of Adenosine Triphosphate and Cerebrolysin on Reserpine Induced Depression in Male Rats.

“…This finding is agrees with (Lopresti et al, 2014) who reported that depression is characterized by increased oxidative stress, as indicated by higher levels of MDA and 8-OHdG. (Li et al, 2013 and reported that MDA is one of the major metabolites induced by free radicals, and it can cause denaturation of biomembranes and mutation of DNA via increase level of 8-OHdG. Treatment with ATP caused an decline in the level of MDA and 8-OHdG as compared with reserpine group.…”

Effects and mechanism of cerebroprotein hydrolysate on learning and memory ability in mice

“…MDA is one of the major metabolites induced by free radicals, and it can cause denaturation of biomembranes and mutation of DNA. Moreover, MDA may decrease the activity of SOD (Li et al, 2013. This study found that cerebroprotein hydrolysate significantly decreased MDA levels and simultaneously increased the activity of SOD in the brain tissue of mice, indicating that cerebroprotein hydrolysate may significantly improve the scavenging of oxygen free radicals in brain tissue after SCOP-induced impairment of learning and memory.…”

“…The normal functioning of central cholinergic nerves is essential for learning and memory, and the impairment or decline of this function can affect the efficiency of learning and memory (Li et al, 2013). AChE is a specific hydrolase of ACh and one of the key substances in biological activity normally controlled by ACh.…”

MagnoliaExtract (BL153) Ameliorates Kidney Damage in a High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model

“…For example, 4-O-methylhonokiol, a novel compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis , prevents the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease by improving oxidative stress through a p38 MAPK-dependent pathway [25]. The beneficial effects of magnolol on learning and memory abilities were reported to be associated with superoxide dismutase (SOD) restoration in a scopolamine-induced mouse model [26]. However, how does magnolia extract modulate kidney inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity status is still unclear.…”