Effects of malathion on survival, growth, development, and equilibrium posture of bullfrog tadpoles (<i>Rana catesbeiana</i>)

Fordham, Carolyn L.; Tessari, John D.; Ramsdell, Howard S.; Keefe, Thomas J.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620200120

Cited by 42 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…There is a growing number of excellent laboratory-based, single-species toxicology experiments that can inform us about the LC50 values of different pesticide concentrations (the concentration expected to kill 50% of a test population; e.g., Mann and Bidwell 1999, Perkins et al 2000, Fordham et al 2001). There is a growing number of excellent laboratory-based, single-species toxicology experiments that can inform us about the LC50 values of different pesticide concentrations (the concentration expected to kill 50% of a test population; e.g., Mann and Bidwell 1999, Perkins et al 2000, Fordham et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides and Amphibians: The Importance of Community Context

Relyea

Schoeppner

Hoverman

2005

Ecological Applications

170

102

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The widespread application of pesticides has attracted the attention of ecologists as we struggle to understand the impacts of these chemicals on natural communities. While we have a large number of laboratory-based, single-species studies of pesticides, such studies can only examine direct effects. However, in natural communities, species can experience both direct and indirect effects. We conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment on aquatic communities containing three tadpole species (Hyla versicolor, Bufo americanus, and Rana pipiens), zooplankton, and algae. We then manipulated a factorial combination of predators (no predators; newts, Notophthalmus viridescens; and larval beetles, Dytiscus sp.) and pesticides (no pesticides, the insecticide malathion, and the herbicide Roundup). We found that Roundup (1.3 mg of active ingredient/L) had substantial direct negative effects on the tadpoles, reducing total tadpole survival and biomass by 40%. However, Roundup had no indirect effects on the amphibian community via predator survival or algal abundance. Malathion (0.3 mg/L) had few direct effects on the tadpoles. Malathion caused no indirect effects with one of the predators (red-spotted newts) but caused substantial positive effects on amphibians (a five-fold increase in total tadpole survival and biomass) due to the sensitivity of the predatory beetles to the insecticide. Thus, while high concentrations of malathion can directly kill larval anurans, more ecologically relevant concentrations can have large positive effects in mesocosms by removing predatory insects. These results make it clear that pesticides can have both direct and indirect effects in natural communities and that these effects critically depend upon the composition of the community.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides and Amphibians: The Importance of Community Context

Relyea

Schoeppner

Hoverman

2005

Ecological Applications

170

102

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“…A study by Zaidi SS et al 18 showed an increase in TSH levels and a decrease in T3 levels in workers compared with controls due to organochlorines and organophosphate insecticides. Another study by Fordham et al 19 and Sinham et al 20 showed Malathion (organophosphate insecticide) has been reported to affect thyroid hormone levels in freshwater catfish and bullfrog tadpoles.…”

Section: Discussion:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Hilly District of Kashmir.

Mansoor¹,

ijar²,

Bashir³

2018

IJAR

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Background: Thyroid disorders are highly prevalent especially hypothyroidism that has been reported in Kashmir Valley of India. Further, Shopian being a Hilly District and excess of pesticides are used there for agricultural purpose. So, we conducted a study to see the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients attending Community Health Centre Zainapora. Objective: To see the prevalence of hypothyroidism in the local population who visited the outpatient department of Community Health Centre Zainapora. Material & Methods:This was a Cross-sectional study carried out for one year and was conducted in Community Health Centre Zainapora of District Shopian. Random samples of 367 patients with suspected thyroid dysfunction were taken. Results: A total of 367 study subjects were taken. Out of which 267 were females and 100 were males. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in present study was found to be 28%. 71% patients were euthyroid, 19% were subclinical and 9% were overt. Female hypothyroidism was more prevalent than male hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be high especially the overt hypothyroidism.

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“…Exposure to organophosphorous pesticides can lead to adverse systemic effects in anurans, including effects on the nervous system and behaviour (Relyea, 2004), the reproductive system (Sheffield and Lochmiller, 2001), the immune system (Gilbertson et al, 2003), and growth and development (Fordham et al, 2001). There is an increased concern about the sublethal effects of organophosphorous compounds on human and animal health (Jaga and Dharmani, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mosquito larvicide Abate® on the developmental stages of the Asian common toad, <i>Bufo melanostictus</i>

Harischandra¹,

Karunaratne²,

Rajakaruna

2012

Ceylon J. Sci. (Biol. Sci.)

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Exposure to chemical contaminants has been identified as a key factor causing widespread mortalities and malformations in amphibians world over. We examined the effect of exposure to commonly used mosquito larvicide, Abate ® which has temephos as the active ingredient, on the Asian common toad, Bufo melanostictus, under laboratory conditions. The LC 50 values of 16.56 ppm and 17.03 ppm were obtained when one-day old tadpoles (Gosner stage 21-24) and one-week old tadpoles (Gosner stage 25) were exposed to Abate for two weeks, respectively. Chronic exposure to Abate at effective field concentrations used in mosquito control programmes (WHO recommended doses) had a significant effect on the survival of egg stage (Gosner stages 12-14), and one day old tadpoles but not on one week old tadpoles. Tadpoles exposed to Abate grew larger and had a longer larval period and the difference in the duration of larval period was statistically significant. Exposed tadpoles also developed malformations such as rotation of bones, micromelia of the limb bones, hemimelia of femur, skin webbing in the hind limbs and ectrodactyly. Edemas were also observed in the exposed tadpoles. Exposure to all concentrations of Abate had a significant effect on the survival, growth and development of malformations in the early tadpole stages compared to the control group. The reduction in survival was not significant when older tadpoles of one week post-hatch were exposed, although they developed malformations and their larval period was prolonged significantly compared to the control group. Thus, the study shows that Abate is lethal to the early stages of the Asian common toad but the toxicity decreased as the tadpoles grow older.

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Effects of malathion on survival, growth, development, and equilibrium posture of bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana)

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

Pesticides and Amphibians: The Importance of Community Context

Pesticides and Amphibians: The Importance of Community Context

Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Hilly District of Kashmir.

Effect of mosquito larvicide Abate® on the developmental stages of the Asian common toad, <i>Bufo melanostictus</i>

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