“…Iron induces the activation of BV2 microglia; the increase in reactive oxygen species; and the activation of cytokines, TNF-a, and IL-1B. This is accompanied by a decrease in the potential of mitochondrial membranes and an increase in the activity of proteins related to apoptosis such as Bcl2, BAx, P53, and caspase 9 [29]. Excess iron induces a loss of cognitive functions and loss of synaptic proteins that is attenuated by ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, and z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor [30].…”