Effects of manipulated palatability on appetite depend on restraint and disinhibition scores from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:The present study evaluated the effects of dietary restraint on short-term appetite in response to manipulated palatability. DESIGN: The effects of palatability on appetite during a lunchtime meal were assessed by contrasting intake of a bland and palatable version of a simple food (within subject). To test how responses to palatability varied with restraint, these meals consumed by women were classified according to restraint (R) and disinhibition (D) scores from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) as high R/high D (HR-HD), high R/low D (HR-LD), low R/high D (LR-HD) and low R/low D (LR-LD). SUBJECTS: A total of 40 normal-weight women subdivided into four groups based on TFEQ scores. MEASUREMENTS: The overall intake, appetite and hedonic ratings before, during and after the meal. RESULTS: All groups ate similar amounts of the bland food, but the LR-HD group ate significantly more of the palatable version than the other groups, whereas HR-LD did not increase intake in response to palatability. Hunger increased on tasting the palatable food in all but the HR-LD group, and this group ended both meals more hungry/less full than the others. CONCLUSION: Women classified as HR-LD were unresponsive to manipulated palatability, whereas those classified as LR-HD were over-responsive. These findings imply that some individuals are prone to over-respond to palatability and so are at greater risk of developing obesity, whereas others are able to resist the effects of palatability and so successfully self-restrict their food intake. Implications for obesity are discussed.

Estimated portion sizes of snacks and beverages differ from reference amounts and are affected by appetite status in non-obese men

“…Although below the initially estimated thirty-two, this sample being more homogeneous than that in Blake et al (34) allowed the detection of significant differences (0?01 level). This was probably explained by narrower ranges in BMI and disinhibition scores in our sample compared with Blake et al's sample (38) .…”

Interaction between Disinhibition and restraint: Implications for body weight and eating disturbance

“…This cyclical pattern of restriction and overeating is reflected well in studies which demonstrate a 'disinhibition effect'. Here participants overeat (thus cannot maintain restraint over eating) in a variety of situations, such as being exposed to stress (37), in the presence of palatable food (16) and following a preload (11,38).…”

Novel calcium-gelled, alginate-pectin beverage reduced energy intake in nondieting overweight and obese women: interactions with dietary restraint status

“…Herman and Polivy (48) postulated that restrained eaters develop anomalous eating patterns. Persons characterized as having high dietary restraint have been shown to report less hunger (49,50), be less sensitive to the satiety value of dietary fat (51), more responsive to external cues (24), and less responsive to food palatability (52). Burton-Freeman (25) showed that restrained persons have a blunted cholecystokinin response to a preload, suggesting an aberrant endocrine response to the ingestion of food.…”